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Motivação para a procura de emprego: uma abordagem segundo a teoria da autodeterminação
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Abstract(s)
Os números de desemprego impelem ao estudo da motivação dos desempregados para a procura de emprego. Segundo a Teoria da Autodeterminação, de Deci e Ryan, é possível avaliar o nível e tipo de motivação presente nos indivíduos.
Esta investigação propôs-se a realizar um estudo pioneiro na avaliação da motivação dos indivíduos desempregados, verificando se a teoria da motivação para o emprego pode ser aplicada a esta população, bem como investigar se o tempo de desemprego e auferir subsídio têm impacto no tipo de motivação presente nos desempregados.
Foi realizado um estudo exploratório correlacional e transversal, de natureza não experimental, para o qual se utilizou um inquérito adaptado da escala de motivação para o trabalho a uma amostra de 293 desempregados residentes no território nacional.
Verificou-se que a escala de motivação para o trabalho pode ser aplicada à população desempregada. Encontraram-se na amostra as seis dimensões de motivação presentes na escala, sendo que são predominantes para a procura de emprego as motivações externas (alcançar objetivos e obter um salário, por exemplo).
Concluiu-se que, à medida que aumenta o tempo de desemprego, a motivação autónoma para procura de emprego diminui e a Amotivação aumenta. Quanto maiores as qualificações académicas, maior a autodeterminação para a procura de emprego. A implementação de medidas que promovam a motivação Intrínseca para a procura de emprego, nomeadamente a formação, são importantes para aumentar a motivação autónoma e proficiente dos desempregados na procura de emprego.
Unemployment numbers compel us to study the motivation of unemployed people to search for jobs. According to the Self-determination Theory, by Deci and Ryan, it is possible to assess the level and type of motivation each individual shows. This research intended to perform a pioneering study on the assessment of motivation of unemployed people, verifying whether the theory of motivation for job search could be applied to this population, as well as researching whether the time of unemployment and collection of unemployment grant would have any impact on the type of motivation shown by unemployed people. A correlative and cross-sectional exploratory study was carried out, with a non-experimental nature, for which it was used an adapted inquiry of the job motivation scale, applied to a population of 293 unemployed people living in national territory. It was observed that the job motivation scale can be applied to the unemployed population. The sample evidenced the six dimensions of motivation present in the scale, showing that external motivations (such as reaching goals and receiving a salary) are predominant in job search. It was concluded that, as unemployment time advances, self-motivation for finding a job decreases and lack of motivation increases. The higher the academic level, the greater is self-motivation for finding a job. The implementation of measures promoting intrinsic motivation for finding a job, namely training, are relevant for increasing self-motivation and the proficiency of unemployed people in searching a job.
Unemployment numbers compel us to study the motivation of unemployed people to search for jobs. According to the Self-determination Theory, by Deci and Ryan, it is possible to assess the level and type of motivation each individual shows. This research intended to perform a pioneering study on the assessment of motivation of unemployed people, verifying whether the theory of motivation for job search could be applied to this population, as well as researching whether the time of unemployment and collection of unemployment grant would have any impact on the type of motivation shown by unemployed people. A correlative and cross-sectional exploratory study was carried out, with a non-experimental nature, for which it was used an adapted inquiry of the job motivation scale, applied to a population of 293 unemployed people living in national territory. It was observed that the job motivation scale can be applied to the unemployed population. The sample evidenced the six dimensions of motivation present in the scale, showing that external motivations (such as reaching goals and receiving a salary) are predominant in job search. It was concluded that, as unemployment time advances, self-motivation for finding a job decreases and lack of motivation increases. The higher the academic level, the greater is self-motivation for finding a job. The implementation of measures promoting intrinsic motivation for finding a job, namely training, are relevant for increasing self-motivation and the proficiency of unemployed people in searching a job.
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Keywords
Motivação Teoria da Autodeterminação Desemprego Procura de Emprego