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Transição Energética: Gestão da Procura e Flexibilidade na Agricultura
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A transição energética está no centro das políticas de descarbonização. A crescente produção energética através de fontes de energia renovável (FER), traz desafios derivados da sua variabilidade temporal. No entanto, a variabilidade da produção renovável coloca desafios à estabilidade da rede elétrica, exigindo maior flexibilidade no consumo, ou seja, a capacidade de ajustar, em tempo real, o consumo de energia elétrica à produção. O setor agrícola apresenta um elevado potencial para a oferta de serviços de flexibilidade, uma vez que utiliza equipamentos com elevado consumo, como motores de rega, sistemas de refrigeração e ventilação, que podem ser orientados de forma a otimizar o consumo sem comprometer a produtividade. Contudo, a adoção de estratégias para potenciar a flexibilidade no setor enfrenta barreiras como a ausência de automação, incentivos financeiros limitados, desafios regulamentares e uma reduzida literacia energética dos agricultores.Este trabalho insere-se no Projeto AgriFlex, desenvolvido na Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra do Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra que tem como objetivo avaliar, em condições reais, a capacidade da agricultura para fornecer serviços de flexibilidade através da monitorização e do controlo otimizado do consumo energético. Para tal, foram implementadas soluções agrovoltaicas em instalações piloto de produção de hortícolas e framboesas, combinando a instalação de painéis fotovoltaicos flexíveis em estufas e painéis bifaciais em estruturas rígidas. Além disso, foi realizada uma caracterização detalhada dos equipamentos elétricos da exploração, identificando os seus perfis de utilização, restrições e possibilidades de controlo. A metodologia incluiu também a monitorização contínua do consumo e produção de energia, seguindo uma abordagem bottom-up de envolvimento dos vários colaboradores para identificar as condicionantes produtivas, técnicas e operacionais. Os resultados indicam que os equipamentos de maior consumo como motores e sistemas de rega, sistemas de refrigeração e motores de arejamento do tratamento de efluentes pecuários são os que apresentam maior potencial de flexibilidade, mas também um elevado consumo. A gestão inteligente destes equipamentos, tendo em conta fatores como a produção fotovoltaica, os preços da eletricidade e as necessidades agrícolas, poderá reduzir significativamente os custos operacionais, aumentar a autossuficiência energética das explorações e contribuir para a estabilidade da rede elétrica. Além disso, o projeto demonstrou que soluções tecnológicas e modelos de gestão eficientes podem ser aplicados sem comprometer a produtividade agrícola, tornando a flexibilidade energética uma ferramenta viável para melhorar a competitividade do setor.Este estudo reforça a importância da inovação e do desenvolvimento tecnológico para a transição energética na agricultura, permitindo que os produtores agrícolas desempenhem um papel ativo na gestão da energia, reduzindo os seus custos e contribuindo para a sustentabilidade. O AgriFlex constitui-se como um laboratório de investigação, desenvolvimento e inovação, à escala real, de tecnologias relevantes para a transição energética na agricultura, proporcionando um espaço de capacitação para estudantes e investigadores, promovendo o desenvolvimento de competências aplicadas ao setor.
The energy transition is a central element of decarbonization policies, and the increasing use of renewable energy sources (RES) introduces challenges due to its temporal variability. However, the variability of renewable production affects the stability of the electricity grid, necessitating greater flexibility in consumption, i.e. the capacity to adjust electricity consumption to production in real-time. The agricultural sector offers considerable potential for the provision of flexibility services, given its utilization of equipment with high consumption, such as irrigation motors, and cooling and ventilation systems. These systems can be configured to optimize consumption without compromising productivity. However, the adoption of strategies to enhance flexibility in the agricultural sector is impeded by several barriers, including the absence of automation, limited financial incentives, regulatory challenges, and inadequate energy literacy among farmers.This work constitutes a component of the AgriFlex Project, which was developed at the Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra of Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra. The overarching objective of the AgriFlex Project is to assess the capacity of agriculture to provide flexible services through the monitoring and optimized control of energy consumption. To this end, agrivoltaics solutions were implemented in pilot vegetable and raspberry production facilities, combining the installation of flexible photovoltaic panels in greenhouses and bifacial panels on rigid structures. Furthermore, a comprehensive characterization of the farm's electrical apparatus was conducted, encompassing the identification of its utilization profiles, constraints, and control capabilities. The methodology encompassed continuous monitoring of energy consumption and generation, employing a bottom-up approach that engaged various employees to ascertain production, technical, and operational constraints.The results indicate that equipment with the highest energy consumption, such as irrigation motors and systems, refrigeration systems, and livestock effluent treatment aeration motors, demonstrate the greatest potential for flexibility, yet concurrently exhibit substantial energy expenditure. The intelligent management of such equipment, considering factors including photovoltaic production, electricity prices, and agricultural requirements, can markedly reduce operating costs, enhance the energy self-sufficiency of farms, and contribute to the electricity grid's stability. Furthermore, the project demonstrated that technological solutions and efficient management models can be applied without compromising agricultural productivity, thus substantiating energy flexibility as a viable tool for enhancing the sector's competitiveness.This study underscores the crucial role of innovation and technological advancement in facilitating the energy transition within the agricultural sector. It highlights the potential for farmers to assume an active role in energy management, thereby reducing their expenses and contributing to sustainability objectives. AgriFlex, a comprehensive research, development, and innovation laboratory, focuses on technologies pertinent to the energy transition in agriculture. It functions as a training facility for students and researchers, fostering the development of relevant skills in the sector.
The energy transition is a central element of decarbonization policies, and the increasing use of renewable energy sources (RES) introduces challenges due to its temporal variability. However, the variability of renewable production affects the stability of the electricity grid, necessitating greater flexibility in consumption, i.e. the capacity to adjust electricity consumption to production in real-time. The agricultural sector offers considerable potential for the provision of flexibility services, given its utilization of equipment with high consumption, such as irrigation motors, and cooling and ventilation systems. These systems can be configured to optimize consumption without compromising productivity. However, the adoption of strategies to enhance flexibility in the agricultural sector is impeded by several barriers, including the absence of automation, limited financial incentives, regulatory challenges, and inadequate energy literacy among farmers.This work constitutes a component of the AgriFlex Project, which was developed at the Escola Superior Agrária de Coimbra of Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra. The overarching objective of the AgriFlex Project is to assess the capacity of agriculture to provide flexible services through the monitoring and optimized control of energy consumption. To this end, agrivoltaics solutions were implemented in pilot vegetable and raspberry production facilities, combining the installation of flexible photovoltaic panels in greenhouses and bifacial panels on rigid structures. Furthermore, a comprehensive characterization of the farm's electrical apparatus was conducted, encompassing the identification of its utilization profiles, constraints, and control capabilities. The methodology encompassed continuous monitoring of energy consumption and generation, employing a bottom-up approach that engaged various employees to ascertain production, technical, and operational constraints.The results indicate that equipment with the highest energy consumption, such as irrigation motors and systems, refrigeration systems, and livestock effluent treatment aeration motors, demonstrate the greatest potential for flexibility, yet concurrently exhibit substantial energy expenditure. The intelligent management of such equipment, considering factors including photovoltaic production, electricity prices, and agricultural requirements, can markedly reduce operating costs, enhance the energy self-sufficiency of farms, and contribute to the electricity grid's stability. Furthermore, the project demonstrated that technological solutions and efficient management models can be applied without compromising agricultural productivity, thus substantiating energy flexibility as a viable tool for enhancing the sector's competitiveness.This study underscores the crucial role of innovation and technological advancement in facilitating the energy transition within the agricultural sector. It highlights the potential for farmers to assume an active role in energy management, thereby reducing their expenses and contributing to sustainability objectives. AgriFlex, a comprehensive research, development, and innovation laboratory, focuses on technologies pertinent to the energy transition in agriculture. It functions as a training facility for students and researchers, fostering the development of relevant skills in the sector.
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Transição energética Flexibilidade Gestão da resposta à procura Agricultura