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Conhecimento e adesão aos medicamentos genéricos - estudo comparativo
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Abstract(s)
Um medicamento genérico (MG) é aquele que tem a mesma substância ativa, dosagem, forma farmacêutica, biodisponibilidade e bioequivalência em relação ao medicamento de referência (MR), desenvolvido a partir deste e posteriormente introduzido no mercado.
A análise do conhecimento e da adesão da população em relação aos MG é essencial para compreender a evolução do consumo desses produtos em Portugal. A quota de mercado nacional de MG atingiu um marco histórico ao ultrapassar os 50% no ano de 2023.
O objetivo central deste trabalho, para além de se efetuar uma comparação em relação ao estudo elaborado por Duque et al., 2014, é determinar o nível de conhecimento e adesão aos MG, assim como os fatores que afetam essas variáveis.
Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal, que assenta numa metodologia quantitativa, descritivo-correlacional, uma vez que explora e determina a existência de relações entre variáveis, tendo como finalidade a descrição dessas relações e quais as associadas ao fenómeno em estudo.
As técnicas de amostragem utilizadas foram não-probabilística por conveniência e bola de neve, tendo sido solicitado aos inquiridos que partilhassem o questionário do estudo com a sua rede de contactos. As respostas foram recolhidas no período compreendido entre fevereiro e março de 2023 e fevereiro e maio de 2024, sendo a amostra obtida de 609 indivíduos.
Dos 609 inquiridos, apenas 3,8% afirmam não saber o que são MG. Verificou-se também que a maioria das pessoas obtém informação acerca de MG através dos profissionais de farmácia (81,3%) e do médico (63,2%). A maioria dos inquiridos afirma que adquiriu MG com receita médica (40,9%) e considera que a decisão de tomar ou não este tipo de medicamentos cabe ao médico (77,7%). Dos indivíduos que afirmam não comprar MG, 50% refere a sua preferência por MR.
Verificou-se uma evolução positiva tanto no conhecimento como na adesão aos MG nos últimos 10 anos, sendo que estes resultados podem-se ter refletido no consequente aumento da quota de mercado em Portugal. Esta, apesar de mais elevada, ainda se encontra distante de outros países europeus. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que a população possui maior conhecimento e, por isso, estará mais capaz de efetuar escolhas conscientes e responsáveis relativamente à aquisição de MG.
Contudo, subsiste ainda a necessidade de se implementarem estratégias que visem promover não só a educação da população, especialmente nos indivíduos mais idosos, de forma a reforçar-se a confiança nos MG, mas também uma comunicação mais eficaz entre os profissionais de saúde e os utentes.
A generic drug has the same active substance, dosage, pharmaceutical form, bioavailability and bioequivalence compared to the reference drug and was developed from it and subsequently introduced into the market. Analyzing the population's knowledge and adherence to generic drugs is essential to understand the evolution of consumption of these products in Portugal. The national market share reached a historic milestone of exceeding 50% in 2023. This study`s main goal, in addition to making a parallel with the study by Duque et al. in 2014, is to determine the level of knowledge and adherence to generic drugs, as well as the factors that affect these variables. This is a cross-sectional observational study that is based on a quantitative, descriptive-correlational methodology, as it explores and determines the existence of relationships between variables, describing these relationships and analyzing which are associated with the phenomenon under study. The sampling techniques used were non-probabilistic by convenience and snowball sampling, with respondents being asked to share the study questionnaire with their network of contacts. The responses were collected between February and March 2023 and February and May 2024, with the sample being obtained from 609 individuals. Of the 609 respondents, only 3,8% said they did not know what generic drugs were. It was also found that most people obtain information about generic drugs from pharmacy professionals (81,3%) and their doctors (63,2%). Most of the respondents said they purchased generic drugs with a prescription (40,9%) and believe that the decisionto take this type of medication is up to the doctor (77,7%). Of the individuals who claim not to buy MG, 50% state their preference for brand-name drugs. There has been an increase in both knowledge and adherence to generic drugs over the last 10 years, and these results may have been reflected in the consequent increase in market share in Portugal, which, although higher, is still far from other European countries. The results of this study show that the population has greater knowledge and, therefore, will be more capable of making conscious and responsible choices regarding the acquisition of generic drugs. However, there is still a need to implement strategies that aim to reinforce confidence in generic drugs, by promoting not only the education of the population, especially older individuals, but also a more effective communication between health professionals and users.
A generic drug has the same active substance, dosage, pharmaceutical form, bioavailability and bioequivalence compared to the reference drug and was developed from it and subsequently introduced into the market. Analyzing the population's knowledge and adherence to generic drugs is essential to understand the evolution of consumption of these products in Portugal. The national market share reached a historic milestone of exceeding 50% in 2023. This study`s main goal, in addition to making a parallel with the study by Duque et al. in 2014, is to determine the level of knowledge and adherence to generic drugs, as well as the factors that affect these variables. This is a cross-sectional observational study that is based on a quantitative, descriptive-correlational methodology, as it explores and determines the existence of relationships between variables, describing these relationships and analyzing which are associated with the phenomenon under study. The sampling techniques used were non-probabilistic by convenience and snowball sampling, with respondents being asked to share the study questionnaire with their network of contacts. The responses were collected between February and March 2023 and February and May 2024, with the sample being obtained from 609 individuals. Of the 609 respondents, only 3,8% said they did not know what generic drugs were. It was also found that most people obtain information about generic drugs from pharmacy professionals (81,3%) and their doctors (63,2%). Most of the respondents said they purchased generic drugs with a prescription (40,9%) and believe that the decisionto take this type of medication is up to the doctor (77,7%). Of the individuals who claim not to buy MG, 50% state their preference for brand-name drugs. There has been an increase in both knowledge and adherence to generic drugs over the last 10 years, and these results may have been reflected in the consequent increase in market share in Portugal, which, although higher, is still far from other European countries. The results of this study show that the population has greater knowledge and, therefore, will be more capable of making conscious and responsible choices regarding the acquisition of generic drugs. However, there is still a need to implement strategies that aim to reinforce confidence in generic drugs, by promoting not only the education of the population, especially older individuals, but also a more effective communication between health professionals and users.
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Keywords
Medicamentos Genéricos Medicamentos de Referência Conhecimento Adesão Generic drugs Brand-name drugs Knowledge Adherence