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Estilos Parentais. Adaptação do IEP ao contexto nacional - versão Crianças e Jovens face à figura paterna
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A parentalidade constitui um processo complexo e multidimensional, assumindo um papel central no desenvolvimento das crianças e jovens (C/J). No contexto português, verifica-se a inexistência de instrumentos devidamente validados que permitam avaliar as práticas parentais a partir da perspetiva das C/J, o que justifica a pertinência do presente estudo. Este estudo teve como objetivo adaptar e avaliar o Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP), versão Crianças e Jovens, face à figura paterna, desenvolvido por Gomide (2006), ao contexto português, bem como analisar as práticas parentais paternas percecionadas pelas C/J do 2.º e 3.º ciclo do ensino básico e do ensino secundário. Adicionalmente, é importante referir que Carneiro (2023) e Carneiro e col (no prelo) já possuem uma versão do IEP válida para adultos.
Metodologicamente, recorreu-se a um estudo de natureza quantitativa, com aplicação de questionário a uma amostra de 501 participantes com idades compreendidas entre os 9 e os 21 anos. Procedeu-se à adaptação linguística do instrumento, análise de conteúdo através de reflexão falada, bem como à análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória, avaliação da fidelidade e sensibilidade dos dados. Foram ainda realizadas análises diferenciais em função de variáveis sociodemográficas dos participantes. Os resultados evidenciaram que o IEP apresenta indicadores psicométricos globalmente adequados, com níveis satisfatórios de consistência interna e uma estrutura fatorial próxima da versão original. Verificou-se ainda, que 53% da amostra apresenta níveis positivos de parentalidade. Contudo, este resultado deve ser interpretado com cuidado, uma vez que aproximadamente 47% dos participantes situam-se em níveis abaixo do considerado positivo, sugerindo a presença de práticas parentais que poderão beneficiar de estratégias de capacitação e intervenção..
A discussão dos resultados reforça a importância da validação de instrumentos culturalmente ajustados e da inclusão da perspetiva das C/J na análise das práticas parentais. Conclui-se que a adaptação do IEP constitui um contributo relevante para a investigação e intervenção em Portugal, permitindo uma avaliação mais rigorosa das práticas parentais e apoiando a promoção do bem-estar das C/J.
Parenting is a complex and multidimensional process that plays a central role in the development of children and adolescents (C/A). In the Portuguese context, there is a lack of properly validated instruments that allow for the assessment of parenting practices from the perspective of C/A, which justifies the relevance of this study. The objective of this study was to adapt and evaluate the Parenting Styles Inventory (PSI), Children and Youth version, regarding the father figure, developed by Gomide (2006), to the Portuguese context, as well as to analyze paternal parenting practices as perceived by C/Y in the 2nd and 3rd cycles of basic education and in secondary education. Additionally, it is important to note that Carneiro (2023) and Carneiro et al. (in press) already have a valid version of the IEP for adults. The results showed that the IEP exhibits generally adequate psychometric indicators, with satisfactory levels of internal consistency and a factor structure similar to that of the original version. It was also found that 53% of the sample exhibited positive levels of parenting. However, this result should be interpreted with caution, since approximately 47% of participants scored below the threshold considered positive, suggesting the presence of parenting practices that could benefit from training and intervention strategies. The discussion of the results reinforces the importance of validating culturally adapted instruments and of including the perspective of children and adolescents in the analysis of parenting practices. It is concluded that the adaptation of the IEP constitutes a significant contribution to research and intervention in Portugal, allowing for a more rigorous assessment of parenting practices and supporting the promotion of the well-being of children and adolescents.
Parenting is a complex and multidimensional process that plays a central role in the development of children and adolescents (C/A). In the Portuguese context, there is a lack of properly validated instruments that allow for the assessment of parenting practices from the perspective of C/A, which justifies the relevance of this study. The objective of this study was to adapt and evaluate the Parenting Styles Inventory (PSI), Children and Youth version, regarding the father figure, developed by Gomide (2006), to the Portuguese context, as well as to analyze paternal parenting practices as perceived by C/Y in the 2nd and 3rd cycles of basic education and in secondary education. Additionally, it is important to note that Carneiro (2023) and Carneiro et al. (in press) already have a valid version of the IEP for adults. The results showed that the IEP exhibits generally adequate psychometric indicators, with satisfactory levels of internal consistency and a factor structure similar to that of the original version. It was also found that 53% of the sample exhibited positive levels of parenting. However, this result should be interpreted with caution, since approximately 47% of participants scored below the threshold considered positive, suggesting the presence of parenting practices that could benefit from training and intervention strategies. The discussion of the results reinforces the importance of validating culturally adapted instruments and of including the perspective of children and adolescents in the analysis of parenting practices. It is concluded that the adaptation of the IEP constitutes a significant contribution to research and intervention in Portugal, allowing for a more rigorous assessment of parenting practices and supporting the promotion of the well-being of children and adolescents.