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Coabitação humanos-animais exóticos: abordagem a este interesse crescente
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Abstract(s)
A domesticação de animais durante a pré-história originou os diferentes tipos de relações Homemanimal
(human-animal bond), de acordo com o interesse alimentar, de serviços e/ou de companhia,
tendo evoluído ao longo da história. Os mecanismos intrínsecos desta relação são estudados sob o
ponto de vista do Princípio da Similaridade, da Neotenia, da Teoria do Apego, da Hipótese da Biofilia
e ainda do efeito da ocitocina que, em conjunto, tentam explicar a proximidade determinadas
espécies em detrimento de outras junto do Homem.
Os animais de companhia domesticados são o cão e o gato, contudo tem-se assistido a um
fenómeno crescente na procura de novas espécies para desempenharem este papel, não sendo,
necessariamente, espécies domesticadas. Nestes novos animais de companhia, ditos exóticos,
incluem-se espécies da classe dos mamíferos, aves, répteis e anfíbios, entre outras. Muitos estudos
têm procurado entender as motivações quanto à escolha de um animal exótico para coabitação,
sendo este o foco desta revisão. Os fatores relacionados com a escolha da espécie exótica adquirida
prendem-se com o contexto socioeconómico e religioso, com o objetivo relacionado com a utilização
ulterior desses animais e, muito importante, com a personalidade das pessoas que os adquirem.
Na era do século XXI, onde as pessoas se deparam com o consumismo e a exposição digital e
individual a desconhecidos, mas também sentem a necessidade da proximidade com a natureza,
existem diferentes atitudes face aos animais e ao meio ambiente.
The animal’s domestication during prehistory originated different types of human-animal bond, according the interests in food, service and/or companion, having evolved throughout history. The intrinsic mechanisms of this relationship are studied from the point of view of the Principle of Similarity, Neoteny, Attachment Theory, Biophilia Hypothesis and also the effect of the oxytocin, which together to explain the proximity of certain species to the detriment of others with man. Domesticated companion animals are the dog and cat; however, there has been a growing phenomenon in the search for new species to play this role, not necessarily domesticated species. These exotic animals include exotic species of the class of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, among others. Many studies have sought to understand the motivations for choosing an exotic animal for cohabitation, and this is the focus of this review. The factors related to the choice of the exotic species acquired are related to the socio-economic and religious context, with the objective related to the later use of these animals and, very importantly, to the personality of the people who acquire them. In 21st century era, where people are faced with consumerism and digital and individual exposure to strangers, but also feel the need for closeness to nature, exist different attitudes toward animals and the environment.
The animal’s domestication during prehistory originated different types of human-animal bond, according the interests in food, service and/or companion, having evolved throughout history. The intrinsic mechanisms of this relationship are studied from the point of view of the Principle of Similarity, Neoteny, Attachment Theory, Biophilia Hypothesis and also the effect of the oxytocin, which together to explain the proximity of certain species to the detriment of others with man. Domesticated companion animals are the dog and cat; however, there has been a growing phenomenon in the search for new species to play this role, not necessarily domesticated species. These exotic animals include exotic species of the class of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, among others. Many studies have sought to understand the motivations for choosing an exotic animal for cohabitation, and this is the focus of this review. The factors related to the choice of the exotic species acquired are related to the socio-economic and religious context, with the objective related to the later use of these animals and, very importantly, to the personality of the people who acquire them. In 21st century era, where people are faced with consumerism and digital and individual exposure to strangers, but also feel the need for closeness to nature, exist different attitudes toward animals and the environment.
Description
Keywords
Novos animais de companhia Human-animal bond Domesticação Motivação Tutor Mecanismos intrínsecos New companion animals Human-animal bond Domestication Motivation Owner Intrinsic mechanisms