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Da atividade das polícias municipais: a intervenção perante o crime (poder ou dever de atuação)
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Abstract(s)
A criação e atividade lato sensu das Polícias Municipais foram previstas no nosso ordenamento jurídico em 1997 com a IV Revisão Constitucional, tendo o artigo 237.º consagrado no seu n.º 3 que "As Polícia Municipais cooperam na manutenção da tranquilidade pública e na proteção das comunidades locais". Este assento constitucional permitiu aos municípios portugueses a implementação de corpos de polícia administrativa, cuja atuação seria delimitada geograficamente pela área de respetivo concelho a que pertencem, sendo hoje vários os municípios que optaram pela criação destas Polícias Municipais nos seus concelhos. O atual regime e forma de criação das polícias municipais constam da Lei n.º 19/2004, de 20 de maio, na qual refere que as polícias municipais são serviços municipais especialmente vocacionados para o exercício de funções de polícia administrativa, com poderes de autoridade cuja atribuição prioritária é a fiscalização do cumprimento das leis e regulamentos sobre matérias relativas às atribuições das autarquias e à competência dos seus órgãos. As polícias municipais exercem funções de polícia administrativa e segundo a citada Lei, cooperam com as forças de segurança na manutenção da tranquilidade pública e na proteção das comunidades locais, exercendo também funções de vigilância de espaços públicos ou abertos ao público e de transportes urbanos locais, em coordenação com as forças de segurança, sendo-lhes, inclusive, permitido o uso de meios coercivos. No exercício das suas funções, os polícias municipais podem deparar-se com o cometimento de crimes, podendo estes atuar, identificando e até detendo os suspeitos, entregando-os posteriormente às autoridades judiciárias ou policiais.
Todavia, esta possibilidade legal que os polícias municipais têm de atuar perante a eventual prática de um crime leva-nos a refletir, por um lado, sobre se estamos perante um «poder» de atuação ou se, enquanto agentes de polícia municipal, no pleno exercício das suas funções de serviço público, lhes é imposto o «dever» de atuação; e, por outro lado, sobre quais os limites de intervenção ou as consequências de uma não intervenção.
The creation and activity lato sensu of the Municipal Polices, as we know it today, were provided in our domestic legal order in 1997 with the 4th Constitutional Revision, with the article 237 stating, in its number 3, that “The Municipal Polices cooperate in maintaining public peace and protecting local communities”. This constitutional settle allowed the Portuguese municipalities to implement administrative police forces, whose action is geographically demarcated by the bounds of the county they belong to, having several municipalities chose to create these Municipal Polices in their county. The current regime and the rules to create the municipal polices are provided by the Law 19/2014, of may 20, stating that municipal polices are municipal services specially aimed for the exercise of administrative police duties, with authority specially devoted to controlling the enforcement of the law and regulations about subjects related to the municipality responsibilities and the competence of its bodies. The municipal police officers fulfill their administrative police duties and, according to the Law mentioned before, cooperate with the security forces in maintaining public peace and protecting local communities, also being in charge of the surveillance of public places or opened to public and local public transportations, in coordination with security forces, even being allowed to use coercive measures. In the exercise of their duties, municipal police officers can face crimes, being able to act, identifying and even arresting suspects, handing them over to judicial or police authorities afterwards. Nevertheless, this legal possibility to act, when facing a crime, that municipal police officers have, leads us to reflect, on one hand, if this is a sort of “power” to act or if, as municipal police officers, in full exercise of their public duties, this is as enforced “duty” to act; and, on the other hand, which are the limits of intervention or the consequences of not acting.
The creation and activity lato sensu of the Municipal Polices, as we know it today, were provided in our domestic legal order in 1997 with the 4th Constitutional Revision, with the article 237 stating, in its number 3, that “The Municipal Polices cooperate in maintaining public peace and protecting local communities”. This constitutional settle allowed the Portuguese municipalities to implement administrative police forces, whose action is geographically demarcated by the bounds of the county they belong to, having several municipalities chose to create these Municipal Polices in their county. The current regime and the rules to create the municipal polices are provided by the Law 19/2014, of may 20, stating that municipal polices are municipal services specially aimed for the exercise of administrative police duties, with authority specially devoted to controlling the enforcement of the law and regulations about subjects related to the municipality responsibilities and the competence of its bodies. The municipal police officers fulfill their administrative police duties and, according to the Law mentioned before, cooperate with the security forces in maintaining public peace and protecting local communities, also being in charge of the surveillance of public places or opened to public and local public transportations, in coordination with security forces, even being allowed to use coercive measures. In the exercise of their duties, municipal police officers can face crimes, being able to act, identifying and even arresting suspects, handing them over to judicial or police authorities afterwards. Nevertheless, this legal possibility to act, when facing a crime, that municipal police officers have, leads us to reflect, on one hand, if this is a sort of “power” to act or if, as municipal police officers, in full exercise of their public duties, this is as enforced “duty” to act; and, on the other hand, which are the limits of intervention or the consequences of not acting.
Description
Keywords
Polícia Municipal Segurança Órgão de Polícia Criminal Cooperação Prevenção Criminal Meios coercivos Funcionário