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- Specialized artistic education in music : what is the influence on academic achievement, controlling for socioeconomic status and intelligence?Publication . Mónico, Lisete dos Santos Mendes; dos Santos-Luiz, CarlosThe relationship between learning music and academic achievement has been discussed in numerous contexts. According to the literature, students involved in learning music obtain higher results in several school subjects. This study intends to examine the influence of musical training on the academic performance of pupils in schools providing specialized artistic education, controlling for socioeconomic status and intelligence. We analyzed the composite academic achievement score and the average marks in nine school subjects in the 7th grade. The sample is composed of 62 pupils who were enrolled in Specialized artistic education in music and 50 pupils following General basic education, in schools in Portugal. Results indicated higher academic achievement in students following Specialized artistic education in music regarding seven of nine school subjects: Portuguese, English, History, Natural Sciences, Physics and Chemistry, Geography, and Visual Arts, but not in Mathematics or Sports. Musical training predicts significantly academic achievement when socioeconomic status and intelligence remain constant. Our results were discussed as contributions to corroboration of the thesis that musical training is associated with higher academic proficiency. It is therefore hoped this study may draw attention to the evidence that participation in music can improve performance in various school subjects.
- Musical learning and cognitive performancePublication . dos Santos-Luiz, Carlos; Coimbra, Daniela; Silva, Carlos Fernandes daAccording to literature, there are broad associations between music and cognitive abilities, which apparently result from the frequency of music lessons. The aim of the present work was to test these associations between a group of music students and a control group of students with no music education, thereby contributing toward understanding the link between music learning, intelligence, and academic achievement. The Battery of Reasoning Tests (BPR/7-9), collated for the Portuguese population, as well as the academic classifications of two groups of students, provided the basis for this study’s quantitative analysis. The sample population comprised students who frequented Year 7 of the basic music course in specialist music education and of the basic course in mainstream education (no music lessons). Compared with the students in the control group, those in the groups which included formal music education showed increases in their general capacity of reasoning (g factor) and in tasks of spatial and numerical reasoning. Equally, there were increases in academic achievement. The results suggest that the duration of exposure to music lessons is associated with an increased intelligence and increased academic achievement.
- The effects of music tuition on academic achievement in portuguese 8th year studentsPublication . dos Santos-Luiz, Carlos; Coimbra, Daniela; Andrade, CláudiaThe positive association between music lessons and academic achievement is well documented in the literature. Students who learn music show better academic achievements than those who are not involved in musical activities. However, this is a multifaceted association that can only be explained if several dimensions are taken into account, such as socioeconomic status (SES) or general intelligence (g). Significant differences in academic achievement were found between 8th year students who studied music (n=60) and those who did not (n=50) in five out of seven subjects analysed: natural sciences, physics and chemistry, Portuguese language, history, and geography. In addition, a multiple linear regression analysis was conducted in order to assess the role played by other potential dimensions (SES and general intelligence) in academic achievement. After including SES in the analysis, the results indicated that music tuition still contributed significantly to the given variance in academic achievement. However, in combination with all the factors (music tuition, SES, and general intelligence), music learning lost its statistical significance. Moreover, contrary to the majority of studies, one noteworthy finding was that SES had no significant impact on academic achievement. In conclusion, the results suggest that musical tuition does have a positive relationship to academic achievement.
- Benefícios da aprendizagem musical no desempenho académico de alunos portuguesesPublication . Mónico, Lisete dos Santos Mendes; Dos Santos-Luiz, CarlosA aprendizagem musical encontra-se associada ao rendimento académico, embora alguma literatura não suporte esta associação. A presente investigação tem como objetivo analisar a opinião de diretores de escolas nas quais se leciona o Ensino Artístico Especializado de Música e seus professores quanto à influência da aprendizagem musical no desempenho académico de alunos que frequentam este tipo de ensino. Realizámos uma análise de conteúdo às respostas de quatro diretores e de vinte professores de alunos que frequentam os Cursos Básicos de Música e de Canto Gregoriano do 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico português. Das 24 unidades de análise definimos Unidades de Registo, que resultaram numa classificação em três categorias: (1) Indeterminação causa-efeito entre aprendizagem musical e desempenho académico, (2) Benefícios não musicais não exclusivos da aprendizagem musical e (3) Benefícios não musicais decorrentes da aprendizagem musical, representando esta categoria 89.6% das Unidades de Registo dos diretores e 93.0% dos professores. Os benefícios no desempenho académico foram enunciados em segundo lugar pelos diretores e em último pelos professores, comparativamente aos ganhos em dois outros domínios emergentes na terceira categoria: desenvolvimento social e pessoal e capacidades cognitivas. Concluímos que os efeitos da aprendizagem musical indicados pelos diretores e professores se estendem muito para além dos benefícios no desempenho académico. Os resultados foram discutidos atendendo à influência que a função profissional dos respondentes poderá ter na apreciação sobre os efeitos da aprendizagem musical no desempenho académico, bem como no desenvolvimento social e pessoal e nas capacidades cognitivas. Os resultados do nosso estudo vão ao encontro da literatura que refere os benefícios não musicais decorrentes da aprendizagem musical.