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- Non-invasive neuromodulation in reducing the risk of falls and fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults: systematic reviewPublication . Bueno, Guilherme Augusto Santos; Bomfim, Arthur Dutra; Campos, Lorrane Freitas; Martins, Anabela Correia; Brito Elmescany, Raquel; Morato Stival, Marina; Funghetto, Silvana Schwerz; Losada De Menezes, RuthIntroduction: Neuromodulation is a non-invasive technique that allows for the modulation of cortical excitability and can produce changes in neuronal plasticity. Its application has recently been associated with the improvement of the motor pattern in older adults individuals with sequelae from neurological conditions. Objective: To highlight the effects of non-invasive neuromodulation on the risk of falls and fear of falling in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Systematic review conducted in accordance with the items of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Searches were carried out in electronic databases: CENTRAL, Clinical Trials, LILACS, PEDro, PubMed, Web of Science, between 13/06/2020 and 20/09/2023, including all indexed texts without language and publication date restrictions, randomized controlled clinical trials, which presented as their main outcome non-invasive neuromodulation for reducing the fear of falling and risk of falls in the older adults, regardless of gender Results: An extensive search identified 9 eligible studies for qualitative synthesis from 8,168 potential articles. Rigorous filtering through automated tools, title/ abstract screening, and full-text evaluation ensured a focused and relevant selection for further analysis. Most studies (80%) used transcranial direct current electrical stimulation as an intervention, over the motor cortex or cerebellum area, with anodal current and monopolar electrode placement. The intensity ranged from 1.2 mA to 2 mA, with a duration of 20 min (80%). The profile of the research participants was predominantly individuals over 65 years old (80%), with a high risk of falls (60%) and a minority reporting a fear of falling (40%). The outcomes were favorable for the use of neuromodulation for the risk of falls in the older adults, through improvements in static and dynamic balance. Conclusion: The results may have limited applicability to direct outcomes related to the risk of falls, in addition to evidence regarding the difference or lack thereof in applicability between genders, fallers and non-fallers, as well as older adults individuals with low and high fear of falling.Systematic review registration: The protocol for this review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) to obtain the identification of ongoing research (ID: 222429).
- Motor reaction time, sarcopenia and functional skills in elderly women: a cross-sectional studyPublication . Alves, I.I. Pereira da Silva; Bueno, G.A. Santos; Elmescany, R. Brito; Borges, L. Aparecida; Pinto, D. Kran; Martins, Anabela Correia; Menezes, R.L.IMPORTANCE: Aging generates changes over the years. Because of this, the musculoskeletal system is directly degraded and suffer deficits in its performance in elderly patients with Sarcopenia, as this condition is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and function. OBJECTIVE: Correlate the motor reaction time and functional skills of non-sarcopenic, pre-sarcopenic and sarcopenic elderly women, and analyze influence on the risk of falls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational analytical study, following the methodological strategies of STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology), carried out under the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Unievangélica University, no. 3.694.235/2019. SETTING: Participants were evaluated regarding: cognitive status, level of physical activity, fear of falling, body composition, motor reaction time, static and dynamic balance, gait kinetics, strength and endurance of the lower limbs and finally handgrip strength. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 59 volunteer elderly women were assessed following the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). RESULTS: The results show that there was a greater difference in motor reaction time between the non-sarcopenic and sarcopenic elderly women due to the executing organ being damaged by the presence of sarcopenia, causing motor response to slowdown. Functional deficit, fear of falling and greater risk of falls were observed in the sarcopenic group, under the harmful influence of increased motor reaction time. CONCLUSION: Sarcopenic elderly women present increased motor reaction time, that is, slowed motor responses due to decreased muscle mass, strength and impaired musculature, which generate functional deficits that contribute to an increased risk of falls.
- Abordagem geriátrica ampla na promoção de um envelhecimento ativo e saudável: componentes do modelo de intervenção AGA@4lifePublication . Pereira, Telmo (Coord.); Ferreira, Ana; Amaral, Ana Paula; Fonseca, Ana; Alves, Ana Rita; Martins, Anabela Correia; Silva, Carla Matos, 1975-; Fernandes, Carolina; Rocha, Clara; Prata, Cláudia; Cipriano, Inês; Castanheira, Joaquim; Martins, Jorge; Loureiro, Helena; Saraiva, Marina; Simões, Paula; Santos, Rute; Costa, Tatiana; Galinha, Vera