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- Born globals versus domestic venture: an exploratory study on opportunity framing differencesPublication . Simões, Vítor Corado; Dominguinhos, PedroInternational entrepreneurship is generating an increasing stream of research. However, this is mainly concerned with the description of strategies used by born globals and with the comparison between their behaviour and that of traditional exporters. The study of the very early stages of the entrepreneurial process as well as the contrast with purely domestic ventures has been neglected. This exploratory paper, based on case studies of two pairs of high tech firms (ICT and biotechnology), focusses on the differences of opportunity framing processes between born globals and domestic ventures. Empirical evidence shows that born globals’ entrepreneurs frame their opportunities with no geographic boundaries, show higher-levels of self-perception, master deeper and more complex knowledge and are more involved in international networks than the founders of domestic ventures.
- Portuguese born globals: an exploratory studyPublication . Simões, Vítor Corado; Dominguinhos, PedroIn the so-called Uppsala model internationalisation is envisaged as an incremental process where the acquisition of experimental knowledge acts as a catalyst for decisions of further resources commitment in international markets. In the last decade, however, a new host of firms emerged, significantly challenging established theoretical approaches. These firms, often labelled born globals, take a worldwide business approach since inception, and swiftly get a global reach, relying on a mix of different cooperative arrangements and modes of operation. Their organisational structures are usually less hierarchical than those prevailing in established multinational enterprises. The present paper provides a conceptual framework to understand this phenomenon. It emerged in a business environment characterised by globalisation, liberalisation and technical change. Entrepreneurial capabilities, together with the management of knowledge intensive resources and relational capital, enable the design of a unique, distinctive concept which may be exploited through focussing in a global niche. The framework was applied to analyse the development of three Portuguese firms, two from the software and one from the footwear industry. It was found that born globals are not specific to technology-intensive sectors and that the framework is a good tool for better understanding born globals emergence and growth.
- Entrepreneurs as discoverers: the case of portuguese born globalsPublication . Dominguinhos, PedroTraditionally, internationalisation has been study has a gradual process, where the firms start their operation to close markets with forms involving low risk. As time goes by, and the firm acquire experiential knowledge, the firm change his commitment to internationalisation, using more risky and demanding entry modes, and acting in distant markets. In the nineties, several firms, labelled born globals, challenge this pattern, operating, since inception, in international markets, start in distant markets and using hybrid entry modes, as alliances, licenses and franchising. This paper, through four in depth case studies, of Portuguese born globals, shows that entrepreneurs act as discoverers and are the key element in understanding this phenomenon. It also shows that prior knowledge corridors are crucial for entrepreneurs, in his process of discovery and exploitation of opportunities.
- Co-entrepreneurs in high-tech Born globalsPublication . Dominguinhos, Pedro; Simões, Vítor CoradoIn the last few years we witnessed an enormous growth in the number of firms doing abroad since inception labelled as born globals or international ventures. Extant literature on SMEs internationalization as well as on born globals highlights their liabilities of newness and smallness. In order to overcome the lack of resources, these firms anchor their international operations on entrepreneurs’ social networks, especially in embryonic stages of their life cycles. Recognizing the relevance of personal ties for firms internationalisation, in present study we are interested on a deeper analysis, particularly in the roots and roles played by those relationships. Based on four case studies of high-tech born globals, the study shows how firms use the relationships for different purposes: opportunity framing; techlogical resource developeing; market facilitating; and credibility provision. Relationships are rooted in several environments, especially in the academia, friendships, business relationships, most part of them originated in entrepreneurs’ personal ties. The study also provides evidence concerning the dynamism of such relationships, same of them evolving from loose ties to very tight networks.
- Born globals: o que sabemos 10 anos depoisPublication . Dominguinhos, PedroEm 1993, um novo termo passou a figurar no léxico da internacionalização, born globals. Este vocábulo pretende significar empresas que actuam nos mercados internacionais desde o início, com recursos a formas híbridas de operação e onde os empreendedores desempenham um papel fulcral. Dez anos depois, torna-se fundamental fazer um balanço dos trabalhos publicados sobre esta temática. Este trabalho analisa 38 estudos empíricos e pretende perceber como os autores têm operacionalizado o conceito e quais os principais resultados apurados nos estudos identificados. Os dados, através do recurso à análise de clusters e de correspondências múltiplas, demonstram que, por um lado, assistimos a uma polissemia de definições e por outro que existem resultados comuns e perfeitamente sedimentados, despontado, também, novas avenidas de investigação, que requerem novas abordagens teóricas.