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- Predictors of positive mental health in higher education students. A cross‐sectional predictive studyPublication . Nogueira, Maria José; Seabra, Paulo; Alves, Patrícia; Teixeira, Delfina; Carvalho, José Carlos; Sequeira, CarlosPurpose To describe positive mental health (PMH) psychological vulnerability (PV) and identify predictors of PMH in higher education students (HES). Design and Methods A cross-sectional, predictive study was performed with a convenience sample of 3322 students, using an online questionnaire with sociodemographic information, the PMH Questionnaire, and the PV Scale. Findings The majority scored a flourishing level, and 67.7% of the participants scored high levels of PV. The Regression Model found a significant predictive variable for PMH. Practice Implications Gender, age, regular exercise, healthy diet, number of meals per day, and leisure activities are significant positive predictors of PMH. PV is the sole significant negative predictor. Therefore, improving mental health literacy can be a strategy to support HES
- Impacto da crise financeira e social na saúde mentalPublication . Sequeira, Carlos; Sá, Luís; Carvalho, José Carlos; Sampaio, FranciscoPreocupados com o impacto da crise nanceira e social na saúde mental das pessoas, neste artigo fazemos uma re- exão sobre as últimas evidências disponíveis sobre o tema em Portugal e no mundo, procurando recentrar a atenção dos pro ssionais de saúde mental, naquilo que necessita ser promovido: a centralidade dos cuidados nas pessoas e a continuidade dos cuidados em saúde mental. A instalação da crise nanceira, que a todos apanhou desprevenidos, veio revelar as fragilidades e falta de preparação dos sistemas de saúde para lidar com problemas sociais que, frequentemente, constituem risco para o surgimento de psicopatologia. A forma como as famílias e as pessoas foram capazes de fazer face às suas necessidades, em termos de bem-estar, é também revelador da capacidade de adaptação e resiliência dos portugueses. A crise nanceira e social teve e continuará a ter consequências em várias dimensões da vida das pessoas, pelo que re etimos também sobre algumas estratégias para a minimização dos efeitos da crise na saúde mental das pessoas.
- Tradução para a população portuguesa do Questionário de Saúde Mental Positiva (QSM+)Publication . Sequeira, Carlos; Carvalho, José Carlos
- Vulnerabilidade mental em estudantes de enfermagem no ensino superior: estudo exploratórioPublication . Sequeira, Carlos; Carvalho, José Carlos; Borges, Elisabete; Sousa, Clemente NevesRESUMO Objetivos: avaliar os consumos de substâncias psicoativas, a morbilidade psiquiátrica e analisar as variáveis que estão associadas a maior risco de adoecer dos estudantes de enfermagem. Métodos: estudo transversal, exploratório e descritivo de cariz quantitativo. Amostra constituída por 980 estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Enfermagem em que foi aplicada o Mental Health Inventory (MHI). Foram respeitados os princípios éticos expressos na Declaração de Helsínquia. Resultados: os resultados sugerem níveis preocupantes de morbilidade essencialmente em termos de, solidão (48.5%), nervosismo e apreensão (48.2%), tensão e irritabilidade (68.6%). Sentem tristeza (59.3%), ansiedade, preocupação (65%) e depressão (61.4%). Conclusão: os dados apontam, para a existência de tristeza, tensão, ansiedade, nervosismo e depressão, evidenciando a necessidade de implementação de programas de promoção da saúde mental nos estudantes de enfermagem.
- Psychometric properties of the sel-administered version of the " self-care requisites scale" among carers for the mentally illPublication . Albacar-Ribóo, Núria; Lleixà-Fortuño, Mar; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Sequeira, Carlos; Carvalho, José Carlos; Roldán-Merino, JuanINTRODUCTION: People with schizophrenia frequently need the assistance of a family member who may then become the main carer for the patient. For the carer this may be a di!cult and complicated situation that needs to be taken into account in the design of healthcare intervention. Our plan was to carry out an evaluation of the carer, using the “Self-care Requisites Scale” of Roldan (2011). "e aim of the study was to adapt the scale in such a way that it could be self-administered. METHODOLOGY: "e design was carried out in two phases. First the questionnaire was adapted so that it could be self-administered; this was done by consensus among a group of experts. In the second phase we analyzed the psychometric properties of the results in terms of reliability and validity. RESULTS: "e de#nitive questionnaire consisted of 35 items and 6 dimensions. "e internal consistency coe!cient for the instrument overall was 0.85. "e strongest correlations were obtained between the majority of the sub-scales and the total scale. CONCLUSIONS: "e “Self-care Requisites Scale” is easily self-administered by the carers of people su$ering schizophrenia. "e results, in terms of both reliability and validity, were good.
- Levels of Positive Mental Health in Portuguese and Spanish Nursing StudentsPublication . Sequeira, Carlos; Carvalho, José Carlos; Gonçalves, Amadeu; Nogueira, Maria José; Lluch-Canut, Teresa; Roldán-Merino, JuanPositive mental health (PMH) is described as the sense of feeling good and functioning well. PMH is vital for the individual's positive functioning and psychological well-being, particularly regarding the factors important for living a purposeful life and accomplishing personal goals. Nursing students are exposed to a variety of stressors that are very likely to decrease well-being and trigger stress, anxiety, and depression. Data focusing on PMH in nursing students are lacking, and this subject has been frequently neglected in nursing practice and research on positive functioning.
- Vulnerability and cognitive protection factors in older personsPublication . Sequeira, Carlos; Carvalho, José Carlos; Carvalho Ribeiro, Isilda Maria Oliveira; Moreira, Sandra; Costa, RitaEstimates from the Portuguese Statistics reveal that 19.0% of the resident population in Portugal is in the age group with 65 years or older. By 2020, it is expected that the proportion of the elderly (≥ 65 years old) will increase to 20.6%. Cognitive plasticity and reserve capacity are central in studies addressing the ageing process, thus it is extremely important to identify the vulnerability and protection factors. OBJECTIVE. To identify vulnerability and cognitive protection factors in older persons. METHODOLOGY. Epidemiological and transversal study, conducted with a population of 151 persons, with an average age of 70.8 (± 5.4), in the metropolitan area of Porto. RESULTS. The results indicate that lifestyles involving physical exercise; eating habits; sleep and rest patterns; leisure activities; satisfactory emotional life and the use of health services can act as vulnerability factors or protective factors. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) has an average of 26.6 (± 4.4) and the questionnaire of cognitive reserve of 6.3 (± 4.6). The dimensions of the MMSE show an association between items, with emphasis on MMSE guidance and MMSE attention and calculation, with a correlation of r = .75; p = 0.001 and r = .89; p = 0.001 respectively. CONCLUSION. The healthy lifestyles, involving physical exercise; proper nutrition; the regular sleep pattern; engagement in leisure activities; a satisfactory emotional life and the use of health services can function as protective factors (present) or vulnerability (absent).
- Positive Mental Health in University Students and Its Relations with Psychological Vulnerability, Mental Health Literacy, and Sociodemographic Characteristics: A Descriptive Correlational StudyPublication . Teixeira, Sónia; Ferré-Grau, Carme; Canut, Teresa Lluch; Pires, Regina; Carvalho, José Carlos; Carvalho Ribeiro, Isilda Maria Oliveira; Sequeira, Carolina; Ferreira, Teresa de Jesus Rodrigues; Sampaio, Francisco; Costa, Tiago; Sequeira, CarlosAbstract: This study aimed to evaluate positive mental health (PMH) and its relation with sociodemographic characteristics, mental health literacy, and the psychological vulnerability scale (PVS) in Portuguese university students aged 17 to 62. A descriptive correlational study was carried out. An online survey was conducted to evaluate demographic variables, and several questionnaires were applied to evaluate positive mental health, psychological vulnerability, and mental health literacy. The data was collected from 1 November 2019 to 1 September 2020. Overall, 3405 students participated in the study. The results show that 67.8% of students revealed a high level of PMH, 31.6% presented a medium level of PMH, and 0.6% had a low level of PMH. Male students reported higher personal satisfaction (t (3170) = 2.39, p = 0.017) and autonomy (t (3170) = 3.33, p = 0.001) in PMH compared to female students. Students without a scholarship scored higher (t (3127) = 2.04, p = 0.42) in PMH than students who held a scholarship. Students who were not displaced from their home reported higher (t (3170) = 1.99, p = 0.047) self-control in PMH than those displaced from their home. University students with higher PMH results had lower PVS results and higher literacy results. The findings of this study will contribute to identifying students’ PMH intervention needs.
- The relation between lifestyles and positive mental health in Portuguese higher education studentsPublication . Valentim, Olga; Vilelas, José; Carvalho, José Carlos; Andrade, Carmen M. Silva Maciel; Tomás, Catarina; Costa, Patrício Soares; Sequeira, CarlosHealthy lifestyles are commonly associated with improved physical and mental health. Sleep patterns, nutrition, physical exercise, consumption of psychoactive substances, among others, can strongly influence positive mental health. The aims are: characterize lifestyles based on positive mental health clusters, considering the cross-sectional cohort sample of higher education students, and analyse the lifestyles associated with positive mental health. A cross-sectional, descriptive, correlational and multicentric study of quantitative approach was conducted. The Positive Mental Health Questionnaire was applied. Through the k-means method, four clusters were obtained based on positive mental health levels. The sample of 3647 higher education students was mostly female (78.8%), single (89.5%), with an average age of 23 years (SD = 6.68). Differences were found between clusters based on the sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyles. Findings in Cluster 1 were highlighted because they included students with a higher level of positive mental health, which was associated with greater satisfaction in affective relationships, higher recreational and sports activities, better sleep quality, a healthy diet, and lower medication and illicit drugs consumption. These key findings emphasize the promotion of healthy lifestyles and highlight the importance of positive mental health in promoting the health of higher education students.
- The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the mental health of Portuguese university studentsPublication . Sequeira, Carlos; Araújo, Odete; Lourenço, Tânia; Freitas, Otília; Carvalho, José Carlos; Costa, PatrícioWorldwide, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a disruptive effect on daily routines, especially for university students. This study aimed to compare pre-pandemic domains of students’ mental health during the pandemic lockdown. One cross-sectional study was conducted in two waves with academic students from 20 Portuguese universities, in March 2020 before the COVID19 pandemic (n = 3579) and 2 months after the first lockdown in May 2020 (n = 1228). The Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ), the Mental Health Knowledge Questionnaire, the Mental Health-promoting knowledge, and the Psychological Vulnerability Scale were used. Statistical analyses were performed by bivariate associations and multiple linear regression models. Students were mostly women (79%), with an average age of 23.2 years (SD = 6.6), displaced from their family environment (43%), out-of-home (43%), and scholarship holders (37%). Higher scores found in the PVS were associated with decreased PMHQ in both moments (P < 0.01). These crosssectional studies showed a slight variation in the mental health variables studied in the period before and during the COVID-19 outbreak. Being a woman, younger, out-of-home, and having a scholarship (P < 0.01) seem to increase susceptibility to mental health variation before and during the pandemic. Universities should develop strategies that promote students’ mental health.