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- Safety and Tourism in the Post-COVID 19 EraPublication . Carvalho, RuiThe COVID-19/SARSCOV2 global pandemic has originated inter alia health, economic and social crises. With limitations enforced by national governments, a global war on the virus has been followed by a vaccine war with scarcity problems on the production side, as many countries are struggling to protect their citizens. Tourism, one of the world´s most important economic areas with social-cultural, political and environmental impacts, has witnessed these problems from up close. Despite this, changes operated by the pandemic have taken tourism researchers and practitioners to profile new tourists, elaborate new ways to engage with them, follow emergent market tendencies, rethink tourism businesses and redevelop new tourism strategies for the future. This essay-like contribution is developed under the premise that because the rules of the touristic game have changed, we can rethink tourism concepts in a way that reflects the vast impacts of the pandemic upon the constant change, anxiety and volatile times we are experiencing as a society. I approach this discussion by briefly mentioning the implications that originated several changes observed in tourism studies by the so-called “cultural, critical and creative turns”. Then, drawing from the concept of transmodernity, tourism safety is addressed in a broad and updated view in the context of the tourism phenomenon in a post-pandemic reality. By aligning the discourse of transmodernity with the repercussions of the “cultural, critical and creative turns” in tourism studies I intend to contribute to the ongoing debated about how tourism consumption will develop in the near future.
- QUAL A PERCEÇÃO DOS ESTUDANTES DE TURISMO ACERCA DO CONCEITO DE FLIGHT SHAME?Publication . Carvalho, RuiIntrodução: O recente conceito de flight shame, tem vindo a ganhar destaque na literatura do turismo perante a emergência do aquecimento global, influenciando o comportamento dos visitantes e as estratégias da oferta turística no que respeita aos transportes turísticos. Os autores procuraram percecionar qual a opinião dos estudantes dos cursos de turismo do ISLA Santarém, acerca do conceito de flight shame. Método: Privilegiou-se o método quantitativo, com a aplicação de um inquérito por questionário a 48 alunos dos cursos de turismo. Ao estudo de caso, aplicou-se a amostra por conveniência, recorrendo-se ao software SPSS 25 para o tratamento dos dados. Resultados: Resultados demonstram que o conceito de flight shame é pouco conhecido. Apesar dos alunos demonstrarem uma consciência ecológica no contexto das viagens e do turismo, estes não tomam decisões de viagens eco sustentáveis. Discussão: O flight shame é ainda muito incipiente na opinião dos inquiridos, o que confrontado com os estudos nacionais presentes na literatura, reflete a novidade do tema indo ao encontro da revisão de literatura. Este estudo demonstra igualmente que apesar das preocupações dos alunos de turismo com o aquecimento global e o impacto ambiental causado pela aviação, estas não impactam de forma significativa a forma como tencionam viajar num futuro próximo. Conclusão: Este estudo é importante pois aborda um conceito muito recente no contexto da literatura do turismo, procurando percecionar a opinião dos alunos de turismo acerca dos impactos ambientais na época do Antropoceno. Será necessário continuar a estudar os impactes deste fenómeno de forma a antecipar as implicações para as empresas, comunidades locais e visitantes.
- A autenticidade da experiência turística nos museusPublication . Carvalho, RuiProcurando alcançar mais do que as três tradicionais dimensões do desenvolvimento sustentável, os 17 ODS apresentam-se como muito úteis ao desenvolvimento do turismo. A preponderância da autenticidade no consumo de experiências e o papel dos museus enquanto lugares de interpretação e fruição da cultura dos destinos, têm vindo a ser largamente debatidos na literatura do turismo. Os autores procuraram debater estes conceitos através de uma revisão da literatura focada no papel que os museus desempenham na concretização do ODS 11 do desenvolvimento sustentável. Procurou-se assim desenvolver um ponto de partida para uma investigação exploratória sobre o papel que os museus desempenham na fruição de experiências autênticas entre as comunidades locais, a sua história e os turistas
- UNDERSTANDING THE CREATIVE TOURISM EXPERIENCE IN CULTURAL AND CREATIVE EVENTS/FESTIVALSPublication . Carvalho, RuiThe specialised consumption of creative tourism experiences and their presence in cultural and creative events and festivals, constitute examples of reflexive tourism consumption. Following the line of research about the specialised consumption of creative tourism experiences and events, this research aims to describe and account for examples where cultural and creative events/festivals represent opportunities for participatory experiences like workshops. The author developed a systematic review using SCOPUS database, to account for creative tourism experiences present at cultural and creative events/festivals. Thirteen documents from 2003 to 2019, were chosen and analysed as they represent the confrontation between cultural and creative events/festivals and creative tourism experiences principles. Findings show that authors don´t always refer directly to creative tourism experiences in the events and festival case studies analysed. Results were organized under two perspectives the in creative tourism literature such "event/festival centred approach" discussed in as the creative city, creative spectacles and cultural and creative capital co-creation. Nonetheless, important creative contributions for the development of creative capital present at cultural and creative events and festivals are highlighted. The recent establishment of creative tourism as a research area and the small number of papers found constitute limitations to the study.
- The need for creative actions in tourism in the Post-COVID 19 pandemic worldPublication . Carvalho, RuiThe unprecedented advent of COVID 19 has put the world and tourism sectors at a halt. Never have we faced a global problem such as the one we are experiencing. While countries take measures to mitigate the pandemic “revolution”, the tourism sector strongly affected, tries once again to fight against this major problem. At the time I write this contribution, 50 - 75 million jobs are estimated to be lost in tourism and according to the UNWTO, a million jobs, some of them in layoff conditions in this sector will be lost per day and global tourism arrivals could fall by nearly a third this year in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. The approach I use to discuss such matters and point to creative actions in the Post-COVID 19 pandemic tourism world, is based in the agency of Pierre Bourdieu and the concept of action of Hanna Arendt. This is done to emphasize transformative decisions and actions by all social agents of the tourism ecosystem in trying to thrive in the post-pandemic tourism scenario. Such suggestions are presented in the final section of this contribution. The author postulates that only fully engaged tourism academics and practitioners, willing to act differently and to take actions in changing the world of tourism.
- A PERCEÇÃO DOS ALUNOS DE TURISMO SOBRE A AUTENTICIDADE NO TURISMOPublication . Carvalho, Rui
- Onboarding Handbook: An Indispensable Tool for Onboarding ProcessesPublication . Pinto dos Reis, Isabel; Carvalho, Rui; Martinho, FilipaOnboarding handbooks constitute a very important and powerful tool in the socialization and integration processes of recruits implemented by Human Resources. As companies compete to thrive in global markets, the attraction and retention of employees have been given much attention in recent years. One of the strategies developed by companies to achieve this goal are the so-called Onboarding Handbooks given to newcomers, serving as a means of facilitating workers’ integration into the everyday processes of the company. As a consolidated research area, many HR studies have been developed around these subjects, as these manuals have been proven to be important tools in the socialization process of the former candidate, now entering the organisational culture of a given enterprise. A literature review was developed according to the main variables of the study of Organisational Socialization processes, strategies, and methods, with special emphasis on the onboarding book. To find out if these manuals correspond to the relevant literature of HR, eight of the onboarding handbooks from several public and private organizations have been analysed following the proposed structure of onboarding handbooks presented in the literature review. In addition, purposeful sampling was followed and content analysis on the handbooks was developed. The paper’s contributions are twofold: (a) the authors suggest a complete and up-to-date structure for the contents of onboarding books to be applied by HR managers and (b) compare its structure to several manuals of different enterprises from various sectors of the Portuguese economy. Findings show that the onboarding book remains an important tool and facilitator of organisational integration. Although, the onboarding processes are changing, and even the format of the onboarding books can become different (digital or not), their contents are essential for the socialization of newcomers and a means to organisational culture dissemination as well as containing functional contents such as internal norms and regulations.
- Living the Creative Life: Evidence from “lifestyle entrepreneurs” engage in creative tourismPublication . Carvalho, RuiThe creative consumption of tourism has directed tourism agents towards cultural products, services, and experiences contributing to the lifestyle and identity expression of both consumers and producers as co-creators. Traditional cultural mediators have changed cultural and creative capital ac quisition, representing diverse social agencies and originating di erent forms of mediation marked by new technologies, and new virtual networks playing a relevant part in creative tourism contexts. New cultural mediators correspond to entrepreneurs whose lifestyle is prioritized by the privilege of pursuing non-material gains and pleasant activities instead of professional goals. Few studies have tried to know who these people are, what motivates them to be involved in the creative experiences they o er, and what they learn from the co-creation processes. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to lling in these gaps in creative tourism studies. Hence the authors applied qualitative and quantitative techni ques to analyze the life trajectories of lifestyle entrepreneurs engaged in creative tourism experiences. Findings show that creatives are not always connected to creative jobs, their motives for engaging in such experiences are seen as an economic supplement and the exchange of learning and personal skills are present in such experiences. These considerations contribute to better design creative experiences.
- Creative Tourism Consumption: Framing the Creative Habitus through a Bourdieusian LensPublication . Carvalho, RuiCreative tourism studies remain a newly developed field, pointing to changes in the con sumption of tourism and culture while influencing how creativity and co-creation differentiate tour ism supply through exploring the existential dimensions of creative experiences, the latter remain ing an under-researched theme in the creative tourism literature. In addition, this type of tourism is presented as more responsible and sustainable than other types of massified forms of tourism. Building on a Bourdieusian approach, an updated version of Bourdieu’s main sociological thinking tools was used to analyse the creative habitus of both the supply and demand involved in the co creation of creative tourism experiences. The authors developed 42 semi-structured interviews with creatives and creative tourists using the Loulé Criativo network in Portugal as a case study and applied qualitative techniques for the data treatment. The results showed that the creative habitus could move successfully between fields, expressing a sustainable agency towards creative tourism consumption. Autodidactism is important for skill development and knowledge replication result ing from the co-creation of creative experiences. The creative habitus, endowed with intercultural and creative capital, is characterized by self-education and ecological awareness where co-creation and coexistence with other creative people enhance the development and replication of creative competencies outside the tourism field.