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- REVISITING POST-CIAM GENERATION. Debates, proposals and intellectual frameworkPublication . Pedroso Correia, Nuno; MAIA, Maria Helena; Figueiredo, RuteProceedings of the International Conference REVISITING POST-CIAM GENERATION. Debates, proposals and intellectual framework. In August 1956, Jose Luis Sert opened the Congres Internationaux d'Architecture Modeme (ClAM 10), held in Dubrovnik, by reading the well-known message of Le Corbusier in which he justified his absence by claiming the existence of a generational tension. Indeed, the doctrinarian values of modernism - such as functionalism, scientific progress, and rational social planning - that once drove the congress were challenged by a group of young architects and resulted in the emergence of new perspectives. Yet, this "generation" was far beyond from being a homogeneous group both in conceptual chronological and geographical terms. In Portugal, immediately after that moment, the magazine Arquitectura completely redefined its editorial structure, starting a new edition in early 1957. Gathering a young group of architects, art historians, and critics of art and cinema, this magazine furthered the questions launched at ClAM, thus debating the duties and role of the critic, and scrutinizing the "strong relation" (Vieira de Almeida, 2012) between theory, criticism, history and architectural design. Some of the actors and the narratives they shaped in this moment of change are widely known in architectural studies. However, the distinct manner of intellectual appropriation and critical reception of this debate in a transnational perspective is a matter that should be reexamined. How was the debate reabsorbed by architectural criticism in different geographical areas? What was its actual impact on the mechanisms of mediation as well as on the profile of the agents of criticism? This conference intended to address these questions. The aim was to examine, in a comparative view, the ways in which the same debate was received, discussed and disseminated in different regions, on one hand; and to understand how this moment contributed to a rethinking of the relation between architectural practice and critical production, on the other. We selected papers that offer new insights on the topic by exploring themes such as: the circulation of ideas and the contribution of different regions to the 1960s and 1970s architectural culture; the relation between architecture and political engagement; the interaction between theoretical-critical production and architectural design; the mechanisms and strategies of dissemination, journals, books, manifestos, movies, documentaries, etc.); the introduction of concepts from other fields of knowledge and the inclusion of social sciences in architecture writing; the critical analyses of the historiography produced on the period. Texts: BANDEIRINHA, José António – Three buttons on the sleeves. United States 1960 and Távora’s strangeness, p. 15-27; JANNIÈRE, Hélène –1964. French criticism and its discontents: à propos of a special issue of L’Architecture d’Aujourd'hui, p. 28; MORAVÁNSZKY, Ákos – “Pro and Contra CIAM”: Modernism and its Discontents, p. 29-38; TOSTÕES, Ana – Rebels with a cause. Aldo van Eyck and Pancho Guedes, how to find a meaning for the act of built, p. 39-52; BONFANTE, Francesca; PALLINI, Cristina – The Italian debate after the ‘retreat’, p. 55-67; CHARITONIDOU, Marianna – An action towards Humanization. Doorn manifesto in a transnational perspective, p. 68-86; DELGADO PÁEZ, Fernando – A variable in Paulo Mendes da Rocha’s single-storey houses, p. 87-102; ESTEBAN-MALUENDA, Ana; GIL DONOSO, Eva; TEJERO, Elena – ‘Sesiones de Crítica de Arquitectura’. The change in architectural debate in the Spain of the 1960s, p. 103-119; FERNANDES, Eduardo – The tectonic shift in Fernando Távora’s work in the Post-CIAM years, p. 120-134; FLORES, Joaquim Moura – The Barredo’s urban renewal study – The third way in Portuguese historic cities urban conservation, p. 135-148; GALJER, Jasna – Radical or not at all? Architectural criticism as a vehicle of CIAM and Team 10 networking in socialist Yugoslavia, p. 149-166; GRIECO, Lorenzo – Breaking Barriers. Giancarlo De Carlo from CIAM to ILAUD, p. 167-180; KOROLIJA, Aleksa – Back to Monumentality. Modernisation and Memorialisation in Post-war Yugoslavia, p. 181-195; KOURNIATI, Marilena – Team 10 The ‘Youngers’ or the construction of ‘another’ avant-garde, p. 196; LOPES DIAS, Tiago– Debating Modern Architecture. A brief account of the Iberian Peninsula circa 1967, p. 197-212; MERINO DEL RÍO, Rebeca – Forum’ Architectural journal as an educational and spreading media in the Netherlands. Influences on Herman Hertzberger, p. 213-231; MINCIACCHI, Lavinia Ann – From ‘Casabella’ to ‘Arquitectura’ – The Italian influence on Portuguese Post-CIAM debate, p. 232-250; NUNES, Jorge – Early years. Manfredo Tafuri and Rem Koolhaas´s first reflections on the Metropolis, p. 251-268; ORTIZ DOS SANTOS, Daniela – Displacement and the Making of Modern Architecture – A South-South Perspective, p. 269-270; SAKKA, Anastasia – Ekistics, or the Science of human settlements, through the paradigm of the Master Plan of Islamabad, p. 271-286; SIEFERT, Rebecca – An American Think Tank with ‘Something too European About it’. Theory, Politics, and Feminism at the IAUS in New York, p. 287-299; SIGGE, Erik – Hereditary structures of influence. Generational succession and international exchange of the Swedish CIAM Group and beyond, p. 300-301; SILVA, João Almeida e – Learning from EVA - A history of homes that were advertising gifts, p. 302-303; SUNG, Yuchen Sharon – The typology of apartments in the new “Radiant City” in Taichung, Taiwan, p. 304; VELA CASTILLO, Jose – Y el Madrid, Qué, ¿Otra Vez Campeón de Europa? ¿No? /And Real Madrid Once Again European Champion, Right? Spanish architecture and CIAM debates from 1953 to 1959, p. 305-355
- Questões da habitação moderna no quadro da colonização interna na Peninsula IbéricaPublication . CARDOSO, Alexandra; MAIA, Maria Helena; TREVISAN, AlexandraAnalisando o caso português desenvolvido pela Junta de Colonização Interna por contraposição ao caso espanhol do Instituto Nacional de Colonização, encontram-se de imediato várias diferenças e outras tantas semelhanças. Uma utopia agrária comum em que obras hidráulicas e novas técnicas agrícolas associadas à fixação de populações, serviam a política de estados totalitários em que a ruralização do proletariado, mas também a sua transformação em pequenos proprietários fazia parte da agenda dos respetivos regimes. Isto não impediu uma modernização da paisagem e espaço rural em vastas regiões espanholas e, em menor escala, portuguesas. Em Espanha, a colonização efetiva-se com base em pueblos de colonizacion, isto é, núcleos de povoamento concentrado, com regras claras de organização urbana. Em Portugal, as soluções de colónias agrícolas são mais diversificadas e marcadas por implantação mais dispersa, se bem que a experiência tenha acabado por levar à opção de maior concentração. Estas escolhas refletem-se no programa e na forma da casa e na maior ou menor interseção com as referências vernaculares, as soluções com implicações sociais para novos bairros urbanos e os debates nacionais e internacionais sobre habitação mínima e da habitação rural. Considerando a habitação elemento chave no processo de colonização interna, a leitura que se pretende propor passa por tópicos de reflexão, com base nos exemplos em pueblos da província de Cáceres e em colónias agrícolas portuguesas: • Nível de influência da referência vernacular no programa funcional e na linguagem formal • Relação entre tipo de povoamento e soluções arquitetónicas (habitação de carácter mais ou menos urbano/rural) • Relação entre casa, lote e território • Tipologias da habitação mínima e soluções evolutivas face ao alargamento da família nuclear do colono • Ligação das soluções ibéricas a experiências europeias a decorrer em simultâneo • Níveis de modernidade das soluções encontradas • Modos de apropriação do espaço e realidade atual • Habitação das colónias e pueblos como património moderno a preservar