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- Municipalities and the promotion of architectural accessibilityPublication . Pereira, Rute Salomé; Martins, MM; Gomes, Bárbara; Schoeller, Soraia Dornelles; Laredo-Aguilera, José Alberto; Ribeiro, Isabel; Cunha, PauloBackground: Architectural barriers have a significant impact on the daily activities of people with reduced mobility. Objectives: To understand the weaknesses and/or opportunities in the responses of local authorities to eliminate the architectural barriers for people with reduced mobility in their social and residential context. Methodology: A descriptive, exploratory study was conducted with a sample of 21 parish council presidents from two municipalities using an accidental non-probabilistic sampling method. Results: In this sample, 76.2% of parish council presidents do not know how many people with disabilities live in their parish. The elimination of architectural barriers focused on accessible sidewalks and pedestrian routes (80%), pedestrian crossings (75%), access to public parks and gardens (70%), and access to cemeteries and markets (70%). Other equipment, even educational ones, represent less than 50%. Conclusion: Some public spaces still have architectural barriers. There is little cooperation between health professionals and society to promote accessibility.
- Fragilidade em pessoas idosas residentes no domicílio inscritas numa unidade de saúde do norte de PortugalPublication . Faria, Ana; Martins, MM; Laredo-Aguilera, José Alberto; Ribeiro, Olga; Faria Fonseca, Esmeralda; Martins Flores, JoanaIntrodução: Com o aumento da longevidade e declínio da função física, psicológica e social dos idosos é essencial perceber as condições sociodemográficas e de saúde que concorrem para a fragilidade. Objetivos: Analisar o perfil de fragilidade dos idosos de uma unidade de saúde do norte de Portugal. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, transversal com 173 idosos a residir no domicílio e inscritos numa Unidade de Saúde. Como instrumento de recolha de dados usou-se um inquérito, realizado por telefone, contendo dados sociodemográficos, de saúde e o Índice de fragilidade de Tilburg (TFI). Resultados: Amostra predominantemente feminina com idade média de 81,11 anos, maioritariamente casados, com diversas comorbilidades e polimedicados. A representação da fragilidade foi de 60,7%, estando essa condição significativamente associada ao género, estado civil, número de doenças crónicas, polimedicação e autoperceção da saúde. Para a maioria dos idosos (83,8%), a condição de fragilidade é influenciada cumulativamente pelas dimensões físicas, psicológicas e sociais. Conclusão: A fragilidade é uma condição prevalente e o perfil está associado a um conjunto de caraterísticas nas quais é possível intervir retardando a progressão da fragilidade que ocorre com o envelhecimento.
- Adaptation and Validation of the Individual Lifestyle Profile Scale of Portuguese Older Adults Living at HomePublication . Alves Faria, Ana da Conceição; Martins, MM; Ribeiro, Olga; Ventura-Silva, João Miguel Almeida; Teles, Paulo João Figueiredo Cabral; Laredo-Aguilera, José AlbertoAbstract: (1) Background: Unadjusted lifestyles have been the main cause of risk for the loss of years of healthy life. However, currently valid and reliable instruments to assess the lifestyles of the elderly are quite long and difficult to interpret. For this reason, the objective of this study was to adapt and validate the ‘Individual Lifestyle Profile’ (ILP) scale in a sample of elderly people; (2) Methods: A methodological study was carried out and a sample of 300 older adults enrolled in a Health Unit located in the North of Portugal was used, who responded to the scale. We examined internal consistency, predictive validity, and discriminative ability; (3) Results: After the Exploratory Factorial analysis, a solution was found with four factors that explain a variance of 67.8%. The designation of the factors was changed from the original scale, with the exception of one dimension, and they were called Health Self-management, Social Participation and Group Interaction, Citizenship and Physical Activity. The total internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) was 0.858, ranging from 0.666 to 0.860 in the mentioned factors; (4) Conclusions: The ILP scale proved to be easy to apply and presented a good reliability and validity index, based on internal consistency, AFE and AFC. The scale allows evaluating the lifestyle of older adults, and its use will be aimed at modifying behaviors associated with negative lifestyles of older adults and their individual needs.
- Prevalence and factors associated with polypharmacy in the older people: 2006-2014Publication . Carmona-Torres, Juan Manuel; Cobo-Cuenca, Ana Isabel; Recio-Andrade, Beatriz; Laredo-Aguilera, José Alberto; Martins, MM; Rodríguez-Borrego, María AuroraTo analyse the prevalence, risk factors and evolution over time of polypharmacy and self-medication in the older people in Spain from 2006-2014.
- Levels of Physical Activity, Obesity and Related Factors in Young Adults Aged 18–30 During 2009–2017Publication . Laredo-Aguilera, José Alberto; Cobo-Cuenca, Ana Isabel; Santacruz-Salas, Esmeralda; Martins, MM; Rodríguez-Borrego, Maria Aurora; López-Soto, Pablo Jesús; Carmona-Torres, Juan ManuelAbstract: The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal trend of physical activity and body mass index in young adults aged 18–30 in Spain and to ascertain their relationship with sociodemographic and psychosocial variables in the period of 2009–2017. Methods: A descriptive study with a sample of 10,061 young adults aged 18–30 years was performed. The data were obtained from the European Health Survey in Spain in 2009 and 2014 and the National Health Survey in 2011/2012 and 2017. The chi-square test was used for qualitative variables, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed for physical activity. Results: Sedentary levels had decreased in 2017 as compared to 2011/2012 (p < 0.001); smokers were more sedentary than non-smokers (p < 0.001); men were more active than women (p < 0.001); and the year with the highest physical activity was 2014. Body mass index in the total sample increased from 2009 to 2017 (p < 0.01), showing a significant increase in obesity in women (p < 0.05) and no difference in men (p 0.05). Conclusions: In the period 2011/2012–2017, the sedentary lifestyle of young adults was reduced and physical activity was increased, with men being more active than women.
- Effect of the Active Aging-in-Place–Rehabilitation Nursing Program: A Randomized Controlled TrialPublication . Faria, Ana da Conceição Alves; Martins, MM; Ribeiro, Olga; Ventura-Silva, João Miguel Almeida; Fonseca, Esmeralda Faria; Ferreira, Luciano José Moreira; Laredo-Aguilera, José AlbertoAbstract: (1) Background: It is of great importance to promote functional capacity and positive lifestyles, since they contribute to preventing the progression of frailty among the older adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of active aging-in-place–rehabilitation nursing program (AAP-RNP) on the functional capacity and lifestyles of frail older adults. (2) Methods: This was a single-blinded, two-group, randomized, controlled trial of 30 frail older people enrolled at a Health-care unit in Portugal between 2021 and 2022. The duration of the program was 12 weeks, and the sessions took place at the participants’ homes. We used as instruments the Tilburg Frailty Indicator; Fried frailty phenotype; Senior Fitness Test battery; Barthel Index; Lawton Index; handgrip strength measurement; Tinetti Index; Individual lifestyle profile; and Borg’s perception of effort. (3) Results: Post-program, there was an improvement in multidimensional and physical frailty, functional capacity, balance, and perceived exertion (p < 0.05) in the experimental group. Among the older adults’ lifestyles, we observed significant improvements in physical activity habits, relational behavior, and stress management. (4) Conclusions: Rehabilitation nurses have a relevant role, and the AAP-RNP seems to be effective in improving functional capacity and lifestyles in frail older adults.
- Multidimensional Frailty and Lifestyles of Community-Dwelling Older Portuguese AdultsPublication . Faria, Ana da Conceição Alves; Martins, MM; Ribeiro, Olga; Ventura-Silva, João Miguel Almeida; Fonseca, Esmeralda Faria; Ferreira, Luciano José Moreira; Teles, Paulo João Figueiredo Cabral; Laredo-Aguilera, José AlbertoAbstract: (1) Background: Lifestyles are referred to as conditioning factors for the frailty of older adults. However, there are few studies that explore its association. The objective of the present study is to analyze the association between sociodemographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors of older adults people with multidimensional frailty. (2) Methods: Descriptive and correlational study carried out with older adults people registered in a Health Unit in Portugal. Data were collected through a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire and application of the Individual Lifestyle Profile and Tilburg Frailty Index to assess the lifestyles and multidimensional frailty of older adults, respectively. This last instrument, being of a multidimensional nature, assesses not only physical, but also psychological and social frailty, with a cut-off point of 6. (3) Results: Of the 300 older adults who participated, most were female (60.3%) and had a mean age of 81.34 6.75 years. Moreover, 60.3% of the sample were frail older adults. Gender, marital status, number of household members, number of chronic diseases, number of daily medications, self-perception of health status and lifestyle and use of a walking device were associated with multidimensional frailty (p 0.001). Healthy eating habits, physical activity, relational behaviour, preventive behaviour, and stress management were significantly associated with lower physical, psychological, and social frailty (p 0.001). (4) Conclusions: When community health workers are aware of multidimensional frailty predictors and their components, they can intervene early and, consequently, delay the onset and progression of frailty in older adults.