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- Territorial dimension in the internationalisation of tourism destinations : structuring factors in the post-COVID19Publication . Mira, Maria do Rosário; Mónico, Lisete dos Santos Mendes; Breda, Zélia Maria de JesusThis study presents an empirical validation of a scale designed to measure the territorial factors which contribute to the internationalisation of tourism destinations. It is part of a broader investigation in which the dimensions and factors of tourism destinations’ internationalisation were identified, strengthening a systemic perspective of tourism: ‘territory’, ‘product’, ‘governance’ and ‘DMOs’. Here we present the psychometric properties of the items that operationalise the 'territorial' dimension. The questionnaire was administered to 470 Portuguese DMO with responsibilities in the areas of tourism and local or regional development. The scale items were submitted to content, reliability and construct validations through exploratory (principal component analysis) and confirmatory factor analysis (first and second-order factor structures). The data sustain a factor structure composed of the factors ‘resources’, ‘economic activity’, and ‘borders’. The relationship between political options of destinations’ internationalisation and territories’ geographical, cultural and economic characteristics were determined. This relationship forms the foundation of tourism in times of crisis, such as we are currently experiencing.
- Qualidade em Turismo na Perspetiva dos Decisores Públicos Locais Portugueses: O Caso da Região Centro de PortugalPublication . Mira, Maria do Rosário; Mónico, Lisete dos Santos; Breda, Zélia Maria de Jesus; Moura, AndreiaEm Portugal o turismo tem-se desenvolvido muito nos últimos anos, fruto do investimento que se tem feito na: (i) qualificação dos recursos humanos; (ii) especialização da oferta; (iii) modernização dos processos de gestão das empresas turísticas; (iv) desenvolvimento do marketing; (v) e, no investimento em infraestruturas e outros serviços e produtos complementares à ação turística.Os diversos estudos realizados pelas autoras sobre a perceção dos municípios portugueses (participaram 125 com o total de 134 respostas válidas) sobre o que contribui para a qualidade em turismo, revelou que há um discurso a uma ‘só voz’ quanto à necessidade de diferenciação de produtos, de desenvolver os destinos salientando a sua identidade, de trabalhar em rede e de diferenciar as opções turísticas nas diversas regiões.
- Internationalization of Tourism Destinations: Networking systems managementPublication . Mira, Maria do Rosário; Breda, Zélia de JesusThis paper aims to fill a gap in the existing research about the internationalization of tourism destinations through a systematic review of the literature focusing on publications presented between 2007 and 2017. The research followed the assumptions of the non-probabilistic snowball sampling technique. In addition, the computer programs VosViewer, for bibliometric analysis, and NVivo 10, for content analysis were used. Tourism destinations’ internationalization is a combination of: (i) integration of organizational interest with stakeholders’ interests; (ii) understanding that what moves these elements are endogenous and exogenous business opportunities; (iii) integrating external opportunities in the destination by aligning them with its territorial identity; (iv) achieving coherence between the previous three components through the implementation of a governance model; (v) a governance model that facilitates the destination’s organization by conciliating interests, resources and opportunities; (vi) and the DMOs that coordinate the dynamics generated between the elements of this system, making it possible to organize the supply following its territorial identity. The internationalization process of tourism destinations highlights factors different from the internationalization of companies. In the first scenario, politics, planning, and territory internationalization strategies should target different kinds of reflections according to the level of intervention (local, regional, national or international). In the second, it is essential that supply is aware of investment opportunities abroad, financial packages to support businesses, innovation, and entrepreneurship. The current period exposed the fragility of the tourism sector and how external threats can influence it. Thinking about the internationalization of tourism destinations shows how important it is to organize the tourism offer in accordance with the challenges the sector faces, at the same time as explaining the role of DMOs. Until now, this theme has been mainly studied from the perspective of demand, creating a gap in the existing knowledge about the organizational systems.
- (Re)center business in destinations : the perspective of tourism entrepreneurs in the center of Portugal after COVID-19Publication . Moura, Andreia; Mira, Maria Do Rosário; Ferreira, Ana Cristina GraçaAfter COVID-19, local and regional stakeholders need to generate conditions that will enable them to assert themselves in a climate of insecurity. The pandemic has triggered new paradigms of competitiveness, which drive various stakeholders linked to tourist destinations to stimulate business activity, supporting their economic viability. The key issue focuses not only on appeal to tourists, but also on attracting residents and businesses. Attracting innovative businesses involves knowing the motivations of entrepreneurs and what attributes they value in tourist destinations, which drives them to invest. To answer this objective, we developed a cross-sectional study, of exploratory nature, through a self- -administered survey by questionnaire, addressed to entrepreneurs in the Central Region of Portugal. Data were collected between January and May 2021, obtaining 138 responses. The questionnaire was submitted to reliability, and validation analyses and to principal component analysis (PCA). Matrices of variance and covariance (MANOVA) were analysed, aiming to test differences in responses between groups. The results suggest that ‘Resources’ and the ‘Territorial brand’ are determining factors in the investment of new businesses or the development of existing ones. In addition, conditions that influence the entrepreneurial initiative include the match between the entrepreneur’s objectives and the characteristics of the territory, particularly the link between this and the identity of the region.