Percorrer por autor "Sousa, Marta"
A mostrar 1 - 4 de 4
Resultados por página
Opções de ordenação
- Dilemas éticos e legais em paciente Testemunha de JeováPublication . Alves, Daniel Rodrigues; Carvalho, Inês; Tellechea, Inês; Sousa, Marta; Ribeiro, Paula
- The impact of positive childhood experiences : a systematic review focused on children and adolescentsPublication . Sousa, Marta; Machado, Ana Beatriz; Pinheiro, Marina; Pereira, Bárbara; Caridade, Sónia; Almeida, Telma Catarina; Cruz, Ana Rita; Cunha, OlgaChildhood and adolescence are crucial stages of life, characterized by significant changes that profoundly influence overall development. While positive childhood experiences (PCEs) can help mitigate the effects of adverse events during these formative years, they have not been as thoroughly researched. Then, this systematic review aims to address this gap by organizing the existing literature on PCEs and examining their impact on both positive and negative outcomes in children and adolescents. A search through databases such as B-On, PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Scielo, as well as supplementary searches, identified 30 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that most studies were published in the last 4 years, primarily in the USA, and focused on community populations with mixed samples. In addition, the results reveal that among children and adolescents, higher levels of PCEs were associated with better mental health outcomes (e.g., reduced depressive symptoms, anxiety, self-harm, substance use, and suicidal ideation), improved psychosocial outcomes (e.g., enhanced adult functioning and future orientation), better academic achievement (e.g., reduced absenteeism and fewer academic difficulties), and some improvements in physical health (e.g., reduced chronic pain). However, the relationship between PCEs and behavioral outcomes showed mixed results. Strengthening efforts to promote PCEs and resources that support child and adolescent resilience is crucial. Further research involving diverse samples is needed to gain a deeper understanding of the role of PCEs.
- Positive childhood experiences and adult outcomes : a systematic reviewPublication . Cunha, Olga; Sousa, Marta; Pereira, Bárbara; Pinheiro, Marina; Machado, Ana Beatriz; Caridade, Sónia; Almeida, Telma CatarinaAlthough positive childhood experiences (PCEs) may serve as protective factors against the negative consequences of childhood adversity, they have been less extensively studied. However, more recently, there has been a growing interest in understanding the role of these experiences. This systematic review aims to address this research gap by systematizing the existing literature on PCEs and examining their relationship with both positive and negative outcomes. A comprehensive search of databases such as B-On, PsycINFO, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Scielo identified 87 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Different studies have employed various designs and samples to investigate the relationship between PCEs and adult outcomes. The findings suggest that higher levels of PCEs are consistently associated with better mental health outcomes, such as decreased depressive symptoms, anxiety, and suicidal behaviors, as well as improved psychosocial well-being, including reduced perceived stress and increased life satisfaction. Conflicting results were found for behavioral outcomes, physical health, stressful life events, and parenting and family functioning. In addition, the interaction effect of PCEs on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in adulthood is inconsistent. PCEs and ACEs appear to be independent sets of experiences that often coexist, with PCEs frequently not moderating the consequences of adversity on outcomes. More research with diverse samples is needed to better understand the role of PCEs.
- When good experiences matter : positive childhood experiences as a moderator between adverse childhood experiences and psychopathic traits in community and justice-involved samplesPublication . Cunha, Olga; Sousa, Marta; Almeida, Telma Catarina; Guarda, Renata; Cruz, Ana RitaAdverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are linked to negative outcomes in behavior, mental health, and personality, including psychopathic traits. Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) may buffer these effects, but their role in this context remains underexplored. This study examined the association between ACEs, PCEs, and psychopathic traits, and explored whether PCEs moderate the ACEs-psychopathic traits relationship. The study included 1138 adults residing in Portugal, comprising 710 community participants recruited online (M age = 25.36), and 428 justice-involved individuals (M age = 41.03) recruited from 10 national prisons. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Adverse Childhood Experiences Scale, the Benevolent Childhood Experiences Scale, and the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale – Short Form. Results revealed a high prevalence of both ACEs and PCEs in both samples, with justice-involved individuals reporting a higher frequency of ACEs. The justice-involved sample also exhibited the highest scores on total psychopathy and across all psychopathy facets. No moderating effect of PCEs was found in the justice-involved sample; however, significant effects emerged in the community sample for total psychopathy and the interpersonal, affective, and lifestyle facets. These findings highlight the differential impact of PCEs across populations and suggest that their protective role may be diminished in contexts of more severe and persistent adversity.