Browsing by Author "Carvalho, Cristina"
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- 1930s Sunny Coast & the Spanish Market: A blast from the pastPublication . Carvalho, CristinaThis empirical study is based on the author’s PhD thesis. It aims at rescuing from the Sands of Time the spirit of the destination under analysis, basing itself on the data collected from 1930s newspapers, besides contemporary approaches to that decade in the fields of Political History, War, Tourism, and Leisure. In 1910 the Figueiredos were led to Estoris due to the microclimate, and by 1914 the entrepreneur invested on a local project meant to erect Portugal’s 1st international resort built from scratch. The plan was accomplished even after the Republican regime made way for the military and civilian dictatorships, for as Hall defends authoritarian regimes do not repel tourists. Estoril was then propelled by the Gambling Law and, as Gibbons wrote in 1936, it soon attracted the mighty and the fallen, mainly of British and Spanish origins. This recollection begins with a summary of the delicate Iberian context between 1910 and 1939, and then refers the Sunny Coast as the unofficial stage of the Spanish Civil War, for since 1931 characters like General Sanjurjo settled as refugees. These visitors were pampered thanks to a Vice-Consulate (Cascais), a hotel managed by Galician partners (Monte Estoril), a multitude of leisure delights (Estoril), and Parede’s Radio Club. The Sunny Coast’s support to Franco soon led to rumours that drove tourists away, hence the reference to the strategies applied to overcome them. One shall finish by mentioning the current reality of equipments and the weak historic memory, whose proper recovery might allow to create a new cultural offer linked to the contemporary ‘Cascais’ destination for this neighbouring niche market.
- 21st century Cascais:how the waves of time forged a cultural heritage also enjoyed by touristsPublication . Carvalho, CristinaThe romans were the first seafaring visitors to reach Cascais, a place where men already lived off harvesting the ocean.Throughout the centuries his proximidity to Lisbon turned it into a focal point for the military defence of the capital, and the warning of seafarers against costal perils. As a strategic landmark, Cascais was one of the first towns in Portugal to have a permanent lighthouse, and the town chosen by King Luís as the country's first costal resort. Currently, many are the cultural resources available to tourists that reflect the reformulation of facilities and heritage for the sake of tourism. A lighthouse was recently converted into first museum of its kind, and the Sea Museum displays archaeological and ethnographic items, while Tourism and services have replaced fishing as important activities of the town. the sea is also represented on artistic pavements, while formeraristocratic residences have been converted into hotels, and a conventinto a cultural centre. Folk devotion still honours Our Lady´s protection to fishermen with outdoor events, while its citadel has lost its military purpose, in order to host several "genres" of open-air initiatives. In gastronomic terms, along withfish dishes, the "Areias de Cascais" are butter cookies spinkled with sugar that also recall the town´s sandy beaches.
- O Casino Eden de Santo Amaro nas Décadas de 1920 e de 1930Publication . Carvalho, Cristina
- Charles II: A Man Caught Between Tradition and SciencePublication . Carvalho, CristinaCharles II was a man torn between cultural tradition and scientific progress. The son of England’s only absolutist King went down in History as the nation’s “Merry Monarch”, while his support to Science and progress tends to be overlooked by the country’s historians. Although he was brought up believing in the divine right of ruling, reality soon took its toll on his life as he suffered with Charles I’s beheading and his own exile in mainland Europe. Later on, invited to return and appease England’s political turmoil, Charles II would hold on to the roots of ancestry by reviving religious rites like Maundy Thursday, the King’s Touch, and the Coronation trail. Charles II also recovered his parents’ sponsorship over the Arts and Sciences, taking the latter into another level of achievements and acknowledgement. Indeed, not only did he found the Royal Society, as he did attend meetings, yearning to learn more about the latest breakthroughs. Thus, in spite of the Stuarts’ defeat at the Glorious Revolution, time proved its kindness towards Charles II and though restrained in his actions by Parliament’s opposition, Charles II’s reign granted London Flamsteed’s Greenwich Observatory, Hooke’s “The Monument”, and Wren’s Cathedral, securing the way to a greater understanding of Nature and building the foundations to a Scientific Revolution.
- Educators as Change Agents : An Interpretation proposal for the Marquis of Pombal Palace, in OeirasPublication . Carvalho, Cristina; Brito, LuisThe authors are both lecturers at Estoril Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotel Studies and tourist guides in Portugal. One of the visits they usually perform with the students in the context of their lessons is exactly to Pombal palace, an 18th century Baroque summer residence located in Oeiras, 10 km away from Lisbon. This paper starts with a theorethical approach on interpretation, followed by an historic presentation of the palace and its main areas, and some suggestions for the interpretation of palace and gardens. Therefore, the article aims at granting propositions that might be applied to assist guides, tour operators and the venue’s managers to prepare (complementary) general and theme tours, and host niche markets to fully grasp the cultural resource’s charisma and ambience. Weiler and Black (2015) claim that guides resort to many interpretative media, such as drama, storytelling and narratives, in order to creative more persuasive tours. All in all, both interpretation narratives and techniques leading to mental time travel are key to the clients’ understanding of a site’s evolving identity, especially when complemented with the teasing of the visitors’ senses as one shall reveal. Conclusions stress that appropriate and effective competence on interpretation techniques allied to professional practice and theoretical background during the education of students are pivotal to shape the future of guided tours.
- Health tourism & Estoril resort's rebirth: From thermal springs to the contemporary wellness centrePublication . Carvalho, CristinaSituado nos arredores atlânticos de Lisboa, durante séculos o Estoril foi afamado pelas nascentes termais cujas águas se associavam a lenda do Século XII sobre um cavalo cuja vitalidade foi recuperada após o animal nelas se banhar. O líquido abençoado foi quimicamente estudado a partir de meados do Século XVIII e experimentado por D. José I. Sobretudo a partir de 1880, a prestigiante estada real e a situação costeira do Estoril justificariam o incremento de aquistas ao longo do Século XIX e as melhorias de balneário e alojamento. Em 1913 o empresário Fausto Figueiredo adquiriu propriedades e projectou uma estância internacional à altura dos padrões de elegância da elite europeia, apostando quatro azes no sucesso do futuro Estoril: situação costeira, clima, nascentes termais e desporto. Gerido pela Sociedade Estoril-Plage, o novo balneário integrava o Hotel do Parque, cujas instalações, formação de colaboradores, equipamentos, tratamentos, programas desportivos e de lazer orgulhavam Portugal. Contudo, após a perda da concessão de Jogo em 1958, os gestores do complexo termal decidiram-se pela sua demolição em 1961. Durante décadas a hegemonia do banho solar, a inexistência de balneário e a comoção politica e social do país conduziram ao esquecimento das nascentes do Estoril. Este estudo empírico baseia-se na tese de doutoramento da autora, mas inclui também dados recentes recolhidos de abordagens teóricas sobre práticas contemporâneas, além de elementos conferidos através de contacto directo com o Wellness Centre do Estoril e agentes turísticos. Enquanto que em 2008 jogos de poder obliteraram a Junta de Turismo da Costa do Estoril, em 2010 os agentes locais reviveram a identidade termal do Estoril ao inaugurar um Wellness Centre de linhas coevas. Associando-se ao grupo asiático Banyan Tree, a filosofia basilar dos actuais gestores assenta em preceitos holísticos e sustentáveis. Em termos promocionais, a inclusão do Palácio Estoril Hotel, Spa & Golf no exigente guia Condé Nast Johansens Luxury Spas 2016 auxilia o renascimento internacional do Estoril enquanto a única estância de saúde de Lisboa e uma das melhores da Europa, tendo em conta microclima, situação costeira, programas de lazer e recursos turísticos edificados disponíveis. Assim como já foi, o Estoril sê-lo-á de novo.
- A Journey Through Time and the European Visual Arts Based on the Novel Orlando, A Biography (A Perspective)Publication . Carvalho, CristinaThe goal of this analysis is to establish a parallel between Virginia Woolf’s novel Orlando, A Biography, the 1992 film directed by Sally Potter, and a few examples of European canvases that may have inspired both artists. Woolf broke the shackles that still dominated British literature in the 1920s by writing a storyline that encompasses four centuries of a nation’s life and of mixed emotions for the novel’s leading character: Orlando was/is his/her name. Both the book published in 1928 and the film directed in 1992 start by presenting Orlando as an Elizabethan nobleman. As the plot unfolds, much like a caterpillar Orlando will evolve from a shy teenage boy into a confident adult woman. However, Woolf and Potter’s distinctive timelines and perceptions of the world explain the different paths offered by each author to Orlando in the last stages of their works. Focusing on this text’s purpose, its writer shall start by reflecting over some recurrent elements of the book written in 1928 as a means to praise the outstanding cultural background of Virginia Woolf at the time of its production. The following step will be to present canvases produced by painters like George Gower, Claude Monet, Gustav Klimt or even Marcel Duchamp that can be associated both to some excerpts of the novel and/or to scenes from the movie.
- Sport tourism, terrorism & psychoanalysisPublication . Carvalho, Cristina; Silva, Alexandre Castro e
- The Shifting Shades of Elegance on Display in 1930S Estoril: When Tourism Meets FashionPublication . Carvalho, CristinaIn 1914 Fausto Figueiredo, the mastermind behind Estoril’s resort, wrote the town resembled a woman whose staggering beauty only lacked the artificial sense of fashion trends, in order to drive men wild. As his project developed across a valley by the sea, facilities and events created for tourist enjoyment and based on cosmopolitan aesthetic principles internationally conveyed the image the new resort sought for itself. In the 1930s Estoril’s shopping arcades sold the latest fashion items recently arrived from Paris, while stores in Lisbon advertised specific clothing pieces meant to be worn while playing golf or enjoying equestrian shows. The Modas & Bordados magazine also taught beauty tips to middle and upper-class women, besides publishing models to be worn at the Casino, at the Tamariz beach, and on posh racing events. On the other hand, the Casino’s advertisements often entitled its programmes (whether dinners, balls, theme parties, or teas) as elegant initiatives. The venue served also as the perfect set for hair styling competitions, conferences on cosmetics, and fashion shows later mocked at radio appearances and newspapers. A satirical play then performed at a folk theatre even revolved around the hedonism copied after Paris and the Riviera, and one of the scenes focused on an indescribable modern beverage: the Cocktail. The 1930s also set the tone for a new type of skin beauty: out with the pale and on with the tan. Movie stars were the role models to emulate, and in 1935 British actress Heather Thatcher’s funny episode in Estoril proved there was more to tanning than just lying under the sun. This empirical paper is based on the research the author has conducted for her Ph.D thesis entitled Tourism in the Estoril-Cascais Coastal Axis (1929–1939): Equipments, Events and Destination Promotion.
- The spiritual quest: Europe’s common sacred ground (an historic overview)Publication . Carvalho, CristinaA procura espiritual da Humanidade permanece activa e as perspectivas académicas sobre o fenómeno são múltiplas. Na Europa a reverência a poderes supremos começou em grutas e seria depois exibida em estruturas exteriores. Mais tarde, os Gregos Antigos deslocar-se-iam a competições atléticas onde os deuses eram adorados, mas o Cristianismo apagaria as referências pagãs do Império Romano. Quanto à Península Ibérica do século XII, São Bernardo auxiliou a fundação de Portugal, enquanto crentes viajavam até Santiago de Compostela. Durante as Descobertas, o porto de Lisboa acolheu tesouros ultramarinos, mas também a Peste. Duas devoções surgiram para implorar a clemência de Deus: a peregrinação à Guia, em Cascais, e a procissão à Senhora da Saúde. No século XVIII, D. João V patrocinaria santuários marianos em Lamego, na Nazaré e no Cabo Espichel,mas só na ditadura de Salazar erguer-se-ia um santuário de dimensão global, em Fátima. Desde a década de 60 que a Europa testemunha o revivalismo pagão que transformou sítios arqueológicos da UNESCO em templos New Age. Hoje, o adorador virtual assiste a missas online em portáteis com placa wireless, prova de que a procura se mantém, sobrepondo-se aos meios empregues.