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Browsing IPS - ESTS – BIBLIOTECA by advisor "Alves, Dina Caetano"
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- Exploring the neural mechanisms behind language processing: contributes regarding the effects of bilingualism and lateralization in handwritten tasksPublication . Picão, Diogo Manuel Ferreira Fontinha; Letournel, Anna; Alves, Dina CaetanoHandwriting skills are categorized into fluency (speed and stroke duration) and legibility (ease of readability), which involves coordination between cognitive and perceptual-motor skills, with the latter encompassing visual perception and fine-motor coordination. Difficulties in handwriting are often associated with developmental disorders or neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's, which can lead to poor control of fine-motor skills and spatial organization. These difficulties arise due to complex interactions between biomechanics and brain areas responsible for control and memorization, particularly working memory which plays a significant role in writing performance, facilitating manipulation and maintenance of information during writing tasks. Bilingualism shapes brain structure and neuroplasticity, influencing visual word recognition, gray matter development, and the organization of languages based on proficiency and age of acquisition. Electroencephalography (EEG) studies neural dynamics during handwriting production, revealing differences between right- and lefthanded individuals and aiding in early dementia screening. Electromyography (EMG) records muscle activity during handwriting, providing insights into handwriting interventions for conditions like Parkinson's disease and grip-related muscular changes due to how the subject writes and grabs the pen during writing. The results include distinct neural activation patterns across different frequency bands, such as delta, theta, and alpha waves, reflecting cognitive and motor processes. Muscle artifacts were observed in the beta and gamma range, which impacted data quality. The study highlights the involvement of frontal and parieto-occipital regions in tasks requiring motor coordination and language processing, with more complex tasks, like morphological analysis, engaging broader brain networks.