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Na escola (com)postura: educação postural em estudantes do 5.º ano de escolaridade - a intervenção do enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem de reabilitação
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A postura corporal em contexto escolar é um determinante de saúde relevante no
incremento da saúde na comunidade escolar.Intervir com estudantes de 5.º ano, famílias
e docentes, permite o desenvolvimento de estratégias promotoras de hábitos posturais
saudáveis e preventivas do aparecimento de lesões musculoesqueléticas a curto, médio e
longo prazo. A enfermagem de reabilitação reúne competências essenciais de promoção
da literacia em saúde em educação postural.
Promover a literacia em saúde sobre educação postural junto de estudantes do 5.º ano de
escolaridade, encarregados de educação/pais/tutor legal e docentes, de uma escola da
zona oriental de Lisboa é o objetivo geral definido, originando atividades operacionais,
organizadas em 6 etapas: (1) preparação do diagnóstico da situação com revisão da
literatura e procedimentos éticos; (2) diagnóstico da situação e formulação do problema
com a aplicação dos instrumentos de recolha de dados a 9 docentes, 17 encarregados de
educação/pais/tutor legal e 50 estudantes; (3) planificação e elaboração de sessões de
educação para a saúde presenciais, digitais assíncronas e outros materiais informativos
como marcador de livro e cartazes; (4) operacionalização do projeto “Na Escola
(com)Postura”; (5) avaliação da intervenção com a replicação das avaliações dos
estudantes e reformulação de atividades/estratégias para cumprimento dos objetivos
delineados; terminando com (6) a divulgação de resultados à comunidade.
Os resultados evidenciam a importância de projetos de educação postural na escola, com
o aumento da percentagem de estudantes que passaram a ter um ajuste correto da mochila
(42%), uma arrumação correta da mochila (54%) e uma postura correta na posição de
sentado (8,7%). A redução do peso da mochila em 10% do peso corporal do estudante,
mantém-se ainda um desafio de intervenção, beneficiando do envolvimento de estruturas
escolares, articulações na comunidade e intervenções prolongadas e consertadas com
agentes educativos multidisciplinares.
Body posture is a relevant health determinant in a school context since it improves health among the school community. To intervene with 5th grade students, their families and teachers allowed the development of strategies that promote healthy postural habits and prevent the appearance of musculoskeletal injuries in short, medium and long term. Rehabilitation nursing brings together essential skills to promote health literacy in postural education. Promoting health literacy on postural education among students in the 5th grade of schooling, parents/legal guardians and teachers from a school located in the eastern part of Lisbon is the general objective, from whom were defined operational activities. These operacional activities are organized in 6 steps: (1) preparing the situation diagnosis using a literature review and ethical procedures; (2) situation diagnosis and formulation of the problem through application of data collection instruments in 9 teachers, 17 parents/legal guardians and 50 students; (3) planning and elaborating health educations sessions, inperson, asynchronous and making other informative materials such as bookmarks and posters; (4) operationalization of the project named “Na Escola (com)Postura”; (5) evaluation of the intervention through the replication of the evaluation among students and reformulation of the activities/strategies in order to achieve the outlined objectives; ending with (6) the disclosure of the results to the community. The results highlight the importance of postural education projects at school, demonstrated by an increase in the percentage of students who now have a correct backpack adjustment (42%), correct backpack storage (54%) and a correct posture in the sitting position (8.7%). Reducing the weight of the backpack by 10% of the student's body weight still remains an intervention challenge, benefiting from the involvement of school structures, community coordination and prolonged interventions in collaboration with multidisciplinary educational agents.
Body posture is a relevant health determinant in a school context since it improves health among the school community. To intervene with 5th grade students, their families and teachers allowed the development of strategies that promote healthy postural habits and prevent the appearance of musculoskeletal injuries in short, medium and long term. Rehabilitation nursing brings together essential skills to promote health literacy in postural education. Promoting health literacy on postural education among students in the 5th grade of schooling, parents/legal guardians and teachers from a school located in the eastern part of Lisbon is the general objective, from whom were defined operational activities. These operacional activities are organized in 6 steps: (1) preparing the situation diagnosis using a literature review and ethical procedures; (2) situation diagnosis and formulation of the problem through application of data collection instruments in 9 teachers, 17 parents/legal guardians and 50 students; (3) planning and elaborating health educations sessions, inperson, asynchronous and making other informative materials such as bookmarks and posters; (4) operationalization of the project named “Na Escola (com)Postura”; (5) evaluation of the intervention through the replication of the evaluation among students and reformulation of the activities/strategies in order to achieve the outlined objectives; ending with (6) the disclosure of the results to the community. The results highlight the importance of postural education projects at school, demonstrated by an increase in the percentage of students who now have a correct backpack adjustment (42%), correct backpack storage (54%) and a correct posture in the sitting position (8.7%). Reducing the weight of the backpack by 10% of the student's body weight still remains an intervention challenge, benefiting from the involvement of school structures, community coordination and prolonged interventions in collaboration with multidisciplinary educational agents.
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Keywords
adolescentes educação postural enfermagem de reabilitação saúde escolar adolescents postural education rehabilitation nursing school health