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A inevitabilidade da ética na proteção contra as radiações ionizantes
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Abstract(s)
Objetivo: Esta dissertação teve como objetivo aferir a perceção de um grupo de inquiridos, relativamente às práticas que vigoram nas suas instituições de saúde, especificamente nos departamentos de Imagiologia, no domínio das radiações ionizantes e do tratamento dos dados pessoais de saúde. Desta maneira, pretendeu-se abrir discussão e promover a reflexão no que diz respeito aos valores éticos centrais e processuais que sustentam o sistema de proteção radiológica e que permitem a sua aplicação. Para o efeito, os inquiridos foram confrontados com cenários práticos específicos, sugeridos pelo Draft Report: “Ethics in Radiological Protection for Medical Diagnosis and Treatment” e baseados no DL nº. 58/2019, artigos 29.º e 30.º, bem como
na Política de Proteção de Dados e Privacidade da ERS.
Metodologia: Por forma a alcançar o objetivo proposto, foi feito um estudo observacional e descritivo, através de um inquérito divulgado na plataforma Google Forms, entre 22 de dezembro de 2023 e 31 de janeiro de 2024. Este incidiu numa amostra de conveniência de 169 inquiridos, incluindo Técnicos de Radiologia e Médicos Radiologistas, com diferentes experiências profissionais e de diferentes regiões, a nível nacional. Para avaliar as tendências de resposta dos inquiridos, recorreu-se à utilização de uma escala de Likert, com 6 posicionamentos. Estes dados foram posteriormente transpostos para o Software IBM SPSS 25, que permitiu expor os resultados alcançados através de tabelas personalizadas e gráficos de barras.
Resultados: De um modo geral, verifica-se uma falta de uniformidade nos posicionamentos tomados pela amostra, que se traduz na variabilidade das práticas clínicas, ainda que algumas das vezes se percecione a evidência de uma determinada tendência. Esta variabilidade de práticas verifica-se tanto entre as diferentes classes profissionais, como entre os diferentes intervalos de experiência e regiões de exercício.
Conclusão: O presente estudo revela uma heterogeneidade das práticas dos inquiridos, no âmbito dos procedimentos de imagem, que envolvem as radiações ionizantes. Para que não se repitam erros do passado, é fundamental uma revisão das práticas que unifique a ética biomédica e o conhecimento científico sobre as radiações ionizantes e em proteção radiológica, pois só com uma forte fundamentação ética se consegue aplicar, devidamente, este saber na clínica. Assim, é indiscutivelmente necessário contrariar a carência de formação que existe nestas matérias, através do desenvolvimento de planos de estudo e de programas de treino nas escolas e/ou nos serviços, assim como promover a literacia na matéria das radiações ionizantes e dos potenciais riscos associados à sua exposição, a um nível global. No que diz respeito ao tratamento dos dados de saúde, é indispensável o respeito por parâmetros regulatórios rigorosos, pois só assim se poderão
evitar conflitos éticos gerados pelo comprometimento do bem-estar e dos direitos dos envolvidos.
Objective: The aim of this dissertation was to assess the perception of a group of respondents regarding the practices in their health institutions, specifically in imaging departments, in the field of ionizing radiation and personal health data processing. The aim was to open discussion and promote reflection on the core ethical and procedural values that underpin the radiological protection system and enable it to be applied. To this end, respondents were confronted with specific scenarios suggested by the Draft Report: "Ethics in Radiological Protection for Medical Diagnosis and Treatment" and based on DL no. 58/2019, articles 29 and 30, as well on the ERS Data Protection and Privacy Policy. Methodology: In order to achieve the proposed objective, an observational and descriptive study was carried out using a survey published on the Google Forms platform, between December 22, 2023 and January 31, 2024. The survey involved a convenience sample of 169 respondents, including Radiographers and Radiology Doctors, with different professional backgrounds and from different regions of the country. A Likert scale with 6 positions was used to assess the respondents' response tendencies. This data was then transposed into IBM SPSS 25 software, which made it possible to display the results through customised tables and bar charts. Results: In general, there is a lack of uniformity in the positions taken by the sample, which is reflected in the variability of clinical practices, although sometimes there is evidence of a certain trend. This variability in practices can be seen both between the different professional classes and between the different ranges of experience and regions of practice. Conclusion: This study reveals a heterogeneity in the practices of the surveyed in the context of imaging procedures involving ionising radiation. To avoid repeating the mistakes of the past, a review of practices that unifies biomedical ethics with scientific knowledge about ionising radiation and radiological protection is essential, since only with a strong ethical foundation this knowledge can be properly applied on clinics. Therefore, it is undoubtedly necessary to counteract the lack of training that exists in these matters, by developing study plans and training programmes in schools and/or departments, as well as promoting literacy in the subject of ionising radiation and the potential risks associated with its exposure, at a global level. With regard to the processing of health data, it is essential to respect strict regulatory parameters, because this is the only way to avoid ethical conflicts generated by compromising the well-being and rights of those involved.
Objective: The aim of this dissertation was to assess the perception of a group of respondents regarding the practices in their health institutions, specifically in imaging departments, in the field of ionizing radiation and personal health data processing. The aim was to open discussion and promote reflection on the core ethical and procedural values that underpin the radiological protection system and enable it to be applied. To this end, respondents were confronted with specific scenarios suggested by the Draft Report: "Ethics in Radiological Protection for Medical Diagnosis and Treatment" and based on DL no. 58/2019, articles 29 and 30, as well on the ERS Data Protection and Privacy Policy. Methodology: In order to achieve the proposed objective, an observational and descriptive study was carried out using a survey published on the Google Forms platform, between December 22, 2023 and January 31, 2024. The survey involved a convenience sample of 169 respondents, including Radiographers and Radiology Doctors, with different professional backgrounds and from different regions of the country. A Likert scale with 6 positions was used to assess the respondents' response tendencies. This data was then transposed into IBM SPSS 25 software, which made it possible to display the results through customised tables and bar charts. Results: In general, there is a lack of uniformity in the positions taken by the sample, which is reflected in the variability of clinical practices, although sometimes there is evidence of a certain trend. This variability in practices can be seen both between the different professional classes and between the different ranges of experience and regions of practice. Conclusion: This study reveals a heterogeneity in the practices of the surveyed in the context of imaging procedures involving ionising radiation. To avoid repeating the mistakes of the past, a review of practices that unifies biomedical ethics with scientific knowledge about ionising radiation and radiological protection is essential, since only with a strong ethical foundation this knowledge can be properly applied on clinics. Therefore, it is undoubtedly necessary to counteract the lack of training that exists in these matters, by developing study plans and training programmes in schools and/or departments, as well as promoting literacy in the subject of ionising radiation and the potential risks associated with its exposure, at a global level. With regard to the processing of health data, it is essential to respect strict regulatory parameters, because this is the only way to avoid ethical conflicts generated by compromising the well-being and rights of those involved.
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Keywords
Radiação ionizante Dados pessoais de saúde Proteção radiológica Ética médica Ionising radiation Personal health data Radiation protection Medical ethics