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Publication
Implantes curtos : suas iindicações
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A reabilitação oral de pacientes desdentados através de instalação de implantes dentários endoósseos e próteses implantossuportadas, constitui uma solução terapêutica bem documentada e previsível. A desdentação precoce dos maxilares, é muitas vezes acompanhada de perdas de volume ósseo significativas. A restituição do volume ósseo perdido, é conseguida através de técnicas de reconstrução óssea associadas a diversos materiais reconstrução óssea. As regiões maxilares podem apresentar dificuldades técnicas anatómicas, nomeadamente a reduzida altura do pavimento do seio maxilar por pneumatização do mesmo, e a localização do nervo alveolar inferior, que impossibilitam a instalação de implantes dentários convencionais. Nestes casos as técnicas de elevação do pavimento do seio maxilar e técnica de lateralização do nervo alveolar inferior, requerem um nível elevado de experiência, associadas a maiores taxas de complicações intra e pós-operatórias. Apesar da reabilitação oral implantossuportada com implantes convencionais de comprimento igual ou superior a 10mm, constituir uma solução com bom prognóstico de longevidade, o desenvolvimento dos implantes curtos para reabilitação destes casos clínicos, constitui uma alternativa a técnicas cirúrgicas mais invasivas e com maior risco de complicações cirúrgicas. A caraterização dos implantes curtos não é consensual na literatura, são distinguidos entre implantes curtos, standard e longos. Os implantes curtos apresentam algumas vantagens, tais como: menor morbilidade, menor dificuldade técnica, tempo de reabilitação mais reduzido e menor custo para o paciente. Por outro lado, a sua utilização, requer conhecimento das características biomecânicas, distribuição anatómica e técnicas de reabilitação.
Objetivos: Descrever os implantes curtos e suas indicações nas reabilitações orais de pacientes desdentados.
Materiais e métodos: A seleção dos artigos científicos incluídos nesta revisão narrativa, teve como base a pesquisa em plataformas digitais como MEDLINE-PubMed, Cochrane Library e adicionalmente com procura manual de livros e artigos em revistas científicas de referência.
The oral rehabilitation of toothless patients through the installation of endosseous dental implants and implant-supported prostheses constitutes a well-documented and predictable therapeutic solution. Premature edentulousness of the jaws is often accompanied by significant loss of bone volume. The restitution of lost bone volume is achieved through bone reconstruction techniques associated with various bone reconstruction materials. The maxillary regions may present anatomical technical difficulties, namely the reduced height of the floor of the maxillary sinus due to its pneumatization, and the location of the inferior alveolar nerve, which make it impossible to install conventional dental implants. In these cases, the maxillary sinus floor elevation techniques and the inferior alveolar nerve lateralization technique require a high level of experience, associated with higher rates of intra and postoperative complications. Although implant-supported oral rehabilitation with conventional implants of a length equal to or greater than 10 mm is a solution with a good prognosis for longevity, the development of short implants for the rehabilitation of these clinical cases constitutes an alternative to more invasive surgical techniques with a higher risk of surgical complications. The characterization of short implants is not consensual in the literature, they are distinguished between short, standard and long implants. Short implants have some advantages, such as: less morbidity, less technical difficulty, shorter rehabilitation time and lower cost for the patient. On the other hand, its use requires knowledge of biomechanical characteristics, anatomical distribution and rehabilitation techniques. Objectives: To describe short implants and their indications in the oral rehabilitation of toothless patients. Materials and methods: The selection of scientific articles included in this narrative review was based on research on digital platforms such as MEDLINE-PubMed, Cochrane Library and additionally on manual search of books and articles in scientific journals of reference.
The oral rehabilitation of toothless patients through the installation of endosseous dental implants and implant-supported prostheses constitutes a well-documented and predictable therapeutic solution. Premature edentulousness of the jaws is often accompanied by significant loss of bone volume. The restitution of lost bone volume is achieved through bone reconstruction techniques associated with various bone reconstruction materials. The maxillary regions may present anatomical technical difficulties, namely the reduced height of the floor of the maxillary sinus due to its pneumatization, and the location of the inferior alveolar nerve, which make it impossible to install conventional dental implants. In these cases, the maxillary sinus floor elevation techniques and the inferior alveolar nerve lateralization technique require a high level of experience, associated with higher rates of intra and postoperative complications. Although implant-supported oral rehabilitation with conventional implants of a length equal to or greater than 10 mm is a solution with a good prognosis for longevity, the development of short implants for the rehabilitation of these clinical cases constitutes an alternative to more invasive surgical techniques with a higher risk of surgical complications. The characterization of short implants is not consensual in the literature, they are distinguished between short, standard and long implants. Short implants have some advantages, such as: less morbidity, less technical difficulty, shorter rehabilitation time and lower cost for the patient. On the other hand, its use requires knowledge of biomechanical characteristics, anatomical distribution and rehabilitation techniques. Objectives: To describe short implants and their indications in the oral rehabilitation of toothless patients. Materials and methods: The selection of scientific articles included in this narrative review was based on research on digital platforms such as MEDLINE-PubMed, Cochrane Library and additionally on manual search of books and articles in scientific journals of reference.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Implantes curtos Pneumatização do seio maxilar Nervo alveolar inferior Implantes extra-curtos