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Manifestações orais relacionadas ao stress emocional e ansiedade
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Abstract(s)
O stress e a ansiedade fazem parte do quotidiano humano. A forma como o individuo lida com as situações conflituosas auxilia a estruturar também, a maneira como o corpo vai responder a estas situações. Em resposta a um fator de stress, o Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) estimula a ativação de dois eixos, sendo o primeiro o eixo Simpático-Adrenomedular (SAM), seguido do eixo Hipotálamo-Hipófise-Suprarrenal (HPA). O eixo SAM vai ser responsável pela libertação das catecolaminas e o eixo HPA vai permitir a secreção do cortisol.
O cortisol é a hormona esteroide produzida em maior quantidade no corpo humano, e é também conhecida como, a hormona do stress. Esta hormona esta envolvida em processos sistémicos e essenciais para a manutenção da vida humana. Apesar da sua importância, a libertação do cortisol em excesso, de forma crónica, é capaz de provocar uma falha no eixo HPA, assim como também pode provocar imunossupressão nas células do sistema imune.
Muitas alterações que acometem a cavidade oral tais como, a Estomatite Aftosa Recorrente, o Líquen Plano Oral e a Síndrome da Boca Ardente, ainda não possuem etiologias bem estabelecidas, porém existem muitos estudos relacionando-as ao stress psicológico e ansiedade.
O stress psicológico e a ansiedade têm sido considerados como um possível fator que pode estar relacionado com o surgimento ou exacerbação de muitas patologias orais. Um dos métodos de verificar a relação entre as patologias que acometem a cavidade oral e o stress é através de biomarcadores de stress.
A análise dos biomarcadores de stress por meio de amostra salivar apresenta uma crescente área de estudo, sendo cada vez um método mais explorado na medicina moderna. O cortisol é considerado como o biomarcador salivar mais fiável para rastrear a atividade do eixo HPA.
Stress and anxiety are part of human daily life, the way a person deals with these situations also helps to structure how the body will receive and respond to these situations. In response to a stress factor, the Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulates the activation of two axes, the first being the Sympathetic-Adrenomedullary axis (SAM), followed by the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The SAM axis will be responsible for the release of catecholamines and the HPA axis will allow cortisol secretion. Cortisol is the steroid hormone produced in greater quantity in the human body, and is also known as the stress hormone, this hormone is involved in systemic processes and essential for the maintenance of human life. Despite its importance, the excess release of cortisol can cause a failure in the HPA axis, as well as cause an immunosuppression in the cells of the immune system. Many alterations affecting the oral cavity such as Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis, Oral Lichen Planus and Burning Mouth Syndrome do not yet have well-established etiologies. Psychological stress and anxiety have been pointed out as a possible factor that may be related to the emergence or exacerbation of many oral pathologies. One of the methods of verifying the relationship between pathologies that affect the oral cavity and stress is through stress biomarkers. Saliva presents a growing area of study to define in its composition what can indicate a reliable biomarker for the activity of axes turned on by psychological stress. Cortisol is considered the most reliable salivary biomarker for tracking HPA axis activity.
Stress and anxiety are part of human daily life, the way a person deals with these situations also helps to structure how the body will receive and respond to these situations. In response to a stress factor, the Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulates the activation of two axes, the first being the Sympathetic-Adrenomedullary axis (SAM), followed by the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The SAM axis will be responsible for the release of catecholamines and the HPA axis will allow cortisol secretion. Cortisol is the steroid hormone produced in greater quantity in the human body, and is also known as the stress hormone, this hormone is involved in systemic processes and essential for the maintenance of human life. Despite its importance, the excess release of cortisol can cause a failure in the HPA axis, as well as cause an immunosuppression in the cells of the immune system. Many alterations affecting the oral cavity such as Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis, Oral Lichen Planus and Burning Mouth Syndrome do not yet have well-established etiologies. Psychological stress and anxiety have been pointed out as a possible factor that may be related to the emergence or exacerbation of many oral pathologies. One of the methods of verifying the relationship between pathologies that affect the oral cavity and stress is through stress biomarkers. Saliva presents a growing area of study to define in its composition what can indicate a reliable biomarker for the activity of axes turned on by psychological stress. Cortisol is considered the most reliable salivary biomarker for tracking HPA axis activity.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Stress psicológico Ansiedade Biomarcadores salivares Manifestações orais