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A importância da consulta de medicina dentária pré-operatória : o contributo do médico dentista na promoção da qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral e prevenção da doença em pacientes submetidos a cirurgia eletiva em meio hospitalar
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: Uma grande variedade de microrganismos colonizam a cavidade oral. O microbioma oral encontra-se habitualmente em equilíbrio com o hospedeiro. Nas situações em que existe uma alteração desse equilíbrio, pode gerar infeções orais e sistémicas graves.
Materiais e Métodos: A amostra constituiu-se de 120 pessoas, com idades entre os 18 e os 100 anos. Desenvolveu-se uma investigação por questionário de abordagem qualitativa, e quantitativa, e, realizou-se observação direta da cavidade oral com espelho e sonda intraoral, no período pré-operatório em contexto hospitalar. Os resultados obtidos foram tratados através do programa IBM SPSS Statistical Program for the Social Sciences versão 28 e intervalo de confiança (IC95%).
Resultados: O intervalo das idades situava-se entre os 40 e 59 anos (40,8%), maioritariamente do género feminino (63,3%), empregada (54,2%) e uma percentagem muito significativa encontra-se reformada (35%), em programa eletivo de cirurgia geral (19,25%), ortopédica (22,5%). Obtivemos uma média de 80,45% no questionário WHOQL-BREF e da aplicação do questionário OHIP-14 uma elevada percentagem da amostra apresenta dor física (49,58%), desconforto psicológico (41,83%), limitação física relacionada com os dentes (40,25%); quanto ao IP 35,8% tinha ausência de placa, e 35% placa moderada na área gengival visível a olho nu. Quanto ao IG 50% possuía gengiva sã, 46% ligeira inflamação sem hemorragia à sondagem. No CPOD a média de dentes cariados foi de 3,31%, perdidos de 10, 3% e obturados de 3,17%.
Conclusões: Constatou-se que apesar das médias elevadas do WHOQL-BREF apontarem para uma boa qualidade de vida, obtivemos valores no OHIP-14, que permitem asseverar que a amostra possuía baixa qualidade de vida, relacionada com a saúde oral. Através dos índices IP e IG, observam-se valores sugestivos de higiene oral mediana. Resultado de CPOD demonstram predomínio de cárie dentaria e prevalência da necessidade de tratamento. A consulta de medicina dentária pré-operatória é fundamental para identificar, tratar e/ou prevenir focos de infeção oral que possam resultar em complicações inta e pós-operatórias.
Introduction: A wide variety of microorganisms have colonized the oral cavity. The oral microbiome typically coexists in harmony with the host. Instances where this equilibrium has been altered may result in serious oral and systemic infections. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 120 individuals with ages ranging from 18 to 100. A qualitative and quantitative research project was developed, and it involved direct observation of the oral cavity using an intraoral camera and an ear probe during the pre-op period in a hospital setting. The results obtained were processed using the IBM SPSS Statistical Program for the Social Sciences version 28 software using the IC95% confidence interval. Results: The age range was between 40 and 59 years (40,8%), predominantly female (63,3%), employed (54,2%), and a very significant fraction found themselves reformatted (35%), in elective general surgery (19,25%), and orthopaedic (22,5%) programs. We obtained an average score of 80,45% on the WHOQL-BREF questionnaire, and when the OHIP-14 question was applied, a significant portion of the sample showed physical pain (49,58%), psychological distress (41,83%), and a physical limitation related to the teeth (40,25%). For the IP, the score was 35,8% without a plaque and 35% with a moderate plaque in the gengival region visible to the naked eye. In terms of IG, 50% had gengival soreness and 46% had mild inflammation without bleeding on sonography. In the CPOD, the average percentage of damaged teeth was 3,31%, with 10,3% lost, and 3,17% obturated. Conclusions: It was determined that despite the WHOQL-high BREF's medians, which indicate good life quality, we obtained OHIP-14 values that allowed us to confirm that the sample had poor life quality related to oral health. Median oral hygiene values are observed using the indices IP and IG. The CPOD results show the prevalence of dental caries and the need for treatment. Pre-operative dental medicine consultations are crucial for identifying, treating, and/or preventing oral infection foci that could lead to intra and post-operative complications.
Introduction: A wide variety of microorganisms have colonized the oral cavity. The oral microbiome typically coexists in harmony with the host. Instances where this equilibrium has been altered may result in serious oral and systemic infections. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 120 individuals with ages ranging from 18 to 100. A qualitative and quantitative research project was developed, and it involved direct observation of the oral cavity using an intraoral camera and an ear probe during the pre-op period in a hospital setting. The results obtained were processed using the IBM SPSS Statistical Program for the Social Sciences version 28 software using the IC95% confidence interval. Results: The age range was between 40 and 59 years (40,8%), predominantly female (63,3%), employed (54,2%), and a very significant fraction found themselves reformatted (35%), in elective general surgery (19,25%), and orthopaedic (22,5%) programs. We obtained an average score of 80,45% on the WHOQL-BREF questionnaire, and when the OHIP-14 question was applied, a significant portion of the sample showed physical pain (49,58%), psychological distress (41,83%), and a physical limitation related to the teeth (40,25%). For the IP, the score was 35,8% without a plaque and 35% with a moderate plaque in the gengival region visible to the naked eye. In terms of IG, 50% had gengival soreness and 46% had mild inflammation without bleeding on sonography. In the CPOD, the average percentage of damaged teeth was 3,31%, with 10,3% lost, and 3,17% obturated. Conclusions: It was determined that despite the WHOQL-high BREF's medians, which indicate good life quality, we obtained OHIP-14 values that allowed us to confirm that the sample had poor life quality related to oral health. Median oral hygiene values are observed using the indices IP and IG. The CPOD results show the prevalence of dental caries and the need for treatment. Pre-operative dental medicine consultations are crucial for identifying, treating, and/or preventing oral infection foci that could lead to intra and post-operative complications.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde oral Hospitalização Prevenção da doença Promoção da saúde