Loading...
Publication
A microbiota e as enteropatias inflamatórias crónicas: diferentes abordagens terapêuticas em cães e gatos
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 482.02 KB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As enteropatias inflamatórias crónicas são um grupo de doenças que afetam de maneira crónica o trato
digestivo. A etiologia da doença inflamatória intestinal é ainda desconhecida estando várias hipóteses
a ser desenvolvidas, uma das quais envolve a microbiota intestinal. A microbiota forma um equilíbrio
dinâmico e mantém uma relação simbiótica com o intestino. No passado, a única técnica disponível
para obter informação sobre a microbiota era a técnica de cultura. Hoje várias técnicas estão a ser
usadas, nomeadamente técnicas baseadas em rRNA de 16S. Foram descobertos cinco filos principais
no cão: Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes e Proteobacteria, podendo a sua composição ser
alterada por fatores como idade, dieta, raça e uso de antibióticos e levar ao desenvolvimento de uma
disbiose. Foi demonstrado que na enteropatia inflamatória crónica há uma alteração da composição da
microbiota e uma menor diversidade da mesma, com uma quantidade anormal de proteobacteria
phylum, especialmente na família Enterobacteriaceae, bem como um aumento da população de
Actinobacteria phylum. Uma diminuição do phylum Firmicutes, especificamente na ordem Clostridiales
também foi destacada em cães com enteropatias inflamatórias crónicas. Contudo, muitas questões
fundamentais permanecem sem resposta, as investigações sobre a microbiota intestinal são recentes,
sendo um campo promissor e com grande potencial para utilização na prática clínica.
Estratégias de tratamento baseadas na restauração da flora intestinal estão a ser cada vez mais
apresentadas e embora ainda não estejam suficientemente desenvolvidas, oferecem perspectivas de
investigação interessantes para o futuro. A sua utilização nas enteropatias inflamatórias crónicas pode
ajudar a restaurar a flora intestinal, reduzindo a disbiose intestinal. No entanto, os resultados obtidos
nos estudos são muitos variáveis, nomeadamente quanto à sua eficácia real e aos seus efeitos nocivos.
O transplante de microbiota fecal é também um método que visa restaurar a microbiota fecal e que tem
atraído cada vez mais interesse. Contudo, ainda não existe um consenso científico sobre a sua
utilização, sendo necessários mais estudos para determinar os seus efeitos a longo prazo, incluindo a
sua eficácia e a segurança. Apesar dos progressos feitos na última década, este campo está cheio de
oportunidades e desafios a serem explorados. Um maior conhecimento da microbiota permitirá no
futuro uma melhor compreensão das doenças intestinais.
Chronic inflammatory enteropathies are a group of diseases that chronically affect the digestive tract. The aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease is still unknown and several hypotheses are being developed, one of which involves the gut microbiota. The microbiota forms a dynamic balance and maintains a symbiotic relationship with the intestine. In the past, the only technique available to obtain information about the microbiota was the culture technique. Today several techniques are being used, notably techniques based on 16S rRNA. Five main phyla have been discovered in the dog: Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, and their composition can be altered by factors such as age, diet, breed and antibiotic use and lead to the development of a dysbiosis. It has been shown that in chronic inflammatory enteropathy there is an alteration in the composition of the microbiota and a lower diversity of the microbiota, with an abnormal amount of proteobacteria phylum, especially in the Enterobacteriaceae family, as well as an increase in the Actinobacteria phylum population. A decrease in the Firmicutes phylum, specifically in the order Clostridiales was also highlighted in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathies. However, many fundamental questions remain unanswered, investigations into the gut microbiota are recent, and it is a promising field with great potential for use in clinical practice. Treatment strategies based on the restoration of the gut flora are increasingly being presented and although not yet sufficiently developed, offer interesting research prospects for the future. Their use in chronic inflammatory enteropathies may help to restore the intestinal flora, reducing intestinal dysbiosis. However, the results obtained in studies are very variable, particularly with regard to their real effectiveness and their harmful effects. Faecal microbiota transplantation is also a method that aims to restore the faecal microbiota and is attracting increasing interest. However, there is still no scientific consensus on its use and further studies are needed to determine its long-term effects, including its efficacy and safety. Despite the progress made in the last decade, this field is full of opportunities and challenges to be explored. A greater knowledge of the microbiota will allow for a better understanding of intestinal diseases in the future.
Chronic inflammatory enteropathies are a group of diseases that chronically affect the digestive tract. The aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease is still unknown and several hypotheses are being developed, one of which involves the gut microbiota. The microbiota forms a dynamic balance and maintains a symbiotic relationship with the intestine. In the past, the only technique available to obtain information about the microbiota was the culture technique. Today several techniques are being used, notably techniques based on 16S rRNA. Five main phyla have been discovered in the dog: Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, and their composition can be altered by factors such as age, diet, breed and antibiotic use and lead to the development of a dysbiosis. It has been shown that in chronic inflammatory enteropathy there is an alteration in the composition of the microbiota and a lower diversity of the microbiota, with an abnormal amount of proteobacteria phylum, especially in the Enterobacteriaceae family, as well as an increase in the Actinobacteria phylum population. A decrease in the Firmicutes phylum, specifically in the order Clostridiales was also highlighted in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathies. However, many fundamental questions remain unanswered, investigations into the gut microbiota are recent, and it is a promising field with great potential for use in clinical practice. Treatment strategies based on the restoration of the gut flora are increasingly being presented and although not yet sufficiently developed, offer interesting research prospects for the future. Their use in chronic inflammatory enteropathies may help to restore the intestinal flora, reducing intestinal dysbiosis. However, the results obtained in studies are very variable, particularly with regard to their real effectiveness and their harmful effects. Faecal microbiota transplantation is also a method that aims to restore the faecal microbiota and is attracting increasing interest. However, there is still no scientific consensus on its use and further studies are needed to determine its long-term effects, including its efficacy and safety. Despite the progress made in the last decade, this field is full of opportunities and challenges to be explored. A greater knowledge of the microbiota will allow for a better understanding of intestinal diseases in the future.
Description
Keywords
Enteropatias crônicos inflamatórias Microbiota Prebióticos Probioticos Simbióticos Transplante de microbiota fecal Chronic inflammatory enteropathies Microbiota Prebiotics Probiotics Symbiotics Faecal microbiota transplantation