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Publication
Discinesia paroxística em cães
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Abstract(s)
A discinesia paroxística tem-se tornado cada vez mais reconhecida e estudada na Medicina Veterinária. É considerada uma doença do movimento e caracteriza-se por apresentar episódios de movimentos involuntários. Durante o episódio o animal permanece consciente, não se observa sinais do sistema nervoso autónomo e o comportamento pós ictal é normal. O mecanismo que suscita esta doença não é totalmente conhecido, porém alguns estudos consideram muito provável ser uma disfunção dos gânglios da base, que reflete uma alteração do funcionamento dos circuitos que contribuem para o controlo do movimento voluntário. A classificação das discinesias paroxísticas é baseada na etiologia, e permite diferenciar as discinesias paroxísticas primárias, ou de origem hereditária, das discinesias secundárias, ou de origem adquirida. Existem várias evidências de discinesia paroxística primária reportada em diversas raças de cães publicadas na literatura. A discinesia paroxística secundária está relacionada com a administração de fármacos ou doenças que causam alterações estruturais intracranianas. A abordagem de diagnóstico a esta doença deve ser criteriosa, tendo em conta uma descrição detalhada do episódio ou a visualização deste em vídeo. A realização de testes genéticos ou o teste de sensibilidade ao glúten permite diagnosticar a doença em raças de cães específicas. A abordagem terapêutica pode ser feita através da administração de fármacos antiepiléticos, como a acetazolamida, fluoxetina, levetiracetam, ou através da alteração da alimentação do animal para uma dieta sem glúten. No entanto, também há evidências de casos em animais que cessam os episódios sem qualquer tratamento instituído, sugerindo tratar-se de uma condição benigna e autolimitante. Apesar da evolução atual e constante sobre este tema, outros estudos tornam-se necessários para investigar os mecanismos genéticos e fisiopatológicos subjacentes às manifestações clínicas desta doença e assim se proceder ao seu diagnóstico com maior facilidade e rigor, bem como desenvolver abordagens terapêuticas consensuais, apoiadas por ensaios clínicos através de estudos retrospetivos, farmacológicos, bioquímicos e genéticos.
Paroxysmal dyskinesia has become increasingly recognized and studied in Veterinary Medicine. It is considered a movement disorder and is characterized by presenting episodes of involuntary movements. During the episode, the animal remains conscious, there are no signs of the autonomic nervous system and post-ictal behavior is normal. The mechanism that gives rise to this disease is not fully understood, but some studies consider it very likely to be a dysfunction of the basal ganglia, which reflects an alteration in the functioning of the circuits that contribute to the control of voluntary movement. The classification of paroxysmal dyskinesias is based on etiology, and makes it possible to differentiate primary paroxysmal or hereditary dyskinesias from secondary or acquired dyskinesias. There are several evidences of primary paroxysmal dyskinesia reported in different dog breeds published in the literature. Secondary paroxysmal dyskinesia is related to the administration of drugs or pathologies that cause intracranial structural changes. The diagnostic approach to this disease must be judicious, taking into account a detailed description of the episode or viewing it on video. Genetic testing or gluten sensitivity testing allows you to diagnose the disease in specific dog breeds. The therapeutic approach can be made through the administration of antiepileptic drugs, such as acetazolamide, fluoxetine, levetiracetam, or through changing the animal's diet to a gluten-free diet. However, there is also evidence of cases in animals that stop the episodes without any treatment instituted, suggesting that it is a benign and self-limiting condition. Despite the current and constant evolution on this topic, further studies are necessary to investigate the genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the clinical manifestations of this disease and thus make its diagnosis more easily and rigorously, as well as develop consensual and supported therapeutic approaches supported clinical trials through retrospective, pharmacological, biochemical and genetic studies.
Paroxysmal dyskinesia has become increasingly recognized and studied in Veterinary Medicine. It is considered a movement disorder and is characterized by presenting episodes of involuntary movements. During the episode, the animal remains conscious, there are no signs of the autonomic nervous system and post-ictal behavior is normal. The mechanism that gives rise to this disease is not fully understood, but some studies consider it very likely to be a dysfunction of the basal ganglia, which reflects an alteration in the functioning of the circuits that contribute to the control of voluntary movement. The classification of paroxysmal dyskinesias is based on etiology, and makes it possible to differentiate primary paroxysmal or hereditary dyskinesias from secondary or acquired dyskinesias. There are several evidences of primary paroxysmal dyskinesia reported in different dog breeds published in the literature. Secondary paroxysmal dyskinesia is related to the administration of drugs or pathologies that cause intracranial structural changes. The diagnostic approach to this disease must be judicious, taking into account a detailed description of the episode or viewing it on video. Genetic testing or gluten sensitivity testing allows you to diagnose the disease in specific dog breeds. The therapeutic approach can be made through the administration of antiepileptic drugs, such as acetazolamide, fluoxetine, levetiracetam, or through changing the animal's diet to a gluten-free diet. However, there is also evidence of cases in animals that stop the episodes without any treatment instituted, suggesting that it is a benign and self-limiting condition. Despite the current and constant evolution on this topic, further studies are necessary to investigate the genetic and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the clinical manifestations of this disease and thus make its diagnosis more easily and rigorously, as well as develop consensual and supported therapeutic approaches supported clinical trials through retrospective, pharmacological, biochemical and genetic studies.
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Keywords
Cão Discinesia paroxística Discinesia paroxística primária Discinesia paroxística secundária Doenças do movimento Gânglios da base Preservação da consciência Basal ganglia Dog Movement disorders Paroxysmal dyskinesia Preservation of consciousness Primary paroxysmal dyskinesia Secondary paroxysmal dyskinesia