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Authors
Abstract(s)
O vento, sendo um fenómeno da natureza que não pode ser controlado, sempre despertou
curiosidade nos humanos. Visto que o vento tem impacto em grande parte das atividades praticadas,
sejam de lazer ou de trabalho, surgiu a necessidade de conseguir medi-lo por forma a se tirar maior
partido deste fenómeno. Devido a esta necessidade surgiram os anemómetros e veletas, aparelhos
capazes de medir a velocidade e direção do vento respetivamente.
Desde o surgimento dos primeiros anemómetros foram introduzidas novas técnicas e métodos
de medição da velocidade do vento, nomeadamente os anemómetros de fio quente, que são nos dias
de hoje técnicas muito fiáveis. Os anemómetros de fio quente sendo aparelhos de reduzidas dimensões
podem ser aplicados em inúmeros cenários, em particular para o presente trabalho pretende-se utilizar
este tipo de anemómetro em veleiros rádio controlados.
O principal objetivo do trabalho consiste na criação de um anemómetro de fio quente, para
aplicação num veleiro de vela radio controlada, a partir de materiais de fácil aquisição, nomeadamente
lâmpadas de uso comum, por forma a que o custo total seja tão baixo quanto possível. Para tal em
primeiro lugar procedeu-se à escolha da lâmpada que apresentou melhor desempenho, dentro das três
apresentadas inicialmente, sendo para esse efeito feita uma caracterização estática dos filamentos
resistivos. De seguida foi efetuado um estudo relativo ao circuito que seria posteriormente utilizado
para implementar o anemómetro. Por último foram feitos testes e medições, com recurso a uma
montagem laboratorial especialmente construída para o efeito, de forma a comprovar a viabilidade dos
materiais escolhidos.
The wind being a phenomenon of nature that cannot be controlled, has always aroused curiosity in humans. Since the wind has an impact on most activities, whether for leisure or work, the need arose to measure it in order to take greater advantage of this phenomenon. Due to this need, anemometers and sails emerged, devices capable of measuring the speed and direction of the wind respectively. Since the appearance of the first anemometers, new techniques and methods for measuring wind speed have been introduced, namely hot-wire anemometers, which are today very reliable techniques. The hot wire anemometers being devices of reduced dimensions can be applied in numerous scenarios, in the present work it is intended to use this type of anemometer in radiocontrolled sailboats. The main objective of the work is to create a hot-wire anemometer, for application in a radiocontrolled sailing sailboat, from easy-to-purchase materials, including common-use lamps, so that the total cost is as low as possible. To do so, firstly, the lamp that presented the best performance was chosen, among the three initially presented, and for this purpose a static characterization of the resistive filaments was made. Then a study was carried out on the circuit that would later be used to implement the anemometer. Finally, tests and measurements were carried out, using a laboratory assembly specially built for the purpose, in order to prove the viability of the chosen materials.
The wind being a phenomenon of nature that cannot be controlled, has always aroused curiosity in humans. Since the wind has an impact on most activities, whether for leisure or work, the need arose to measure it in order to take greater advantage of this phenomenon. Due to this need, anemometers and sails emerged, devices capable of measuring the speed and direction of the wind respectively. Since the appearance of the first anemometers, new techniques and methods for measuring wind speed have been introduced, namely hot-wire anemometers, which are today very reliable techniques. The hot wire anemometers being devices of reduced dimensions can be applied in numerous scenarios, in the present work it is intended to use this type of anemometer in radiocontrolled sailboats. The main objective of the work is to create a hot-wire anemometer, for application in a radiocontrolled sailing sailboat, from easy-to-purchase materials, including common-use lamps, so that the total cost is as low as possible. To do so, firstly, the lamp that presented the best performance was chosen, among the three initially presented, and for this purpose a static characterization of the resistive filaments was made. Then a study was carried out on the circuit that would later be used to implement the anemometer. Finally, tests and measurements were carried out, using a laboratory assembly specially built for the purpose, in order to prove the viability of the chosen materials.
Description
Keywords
Vento Instrumento de medida Anemómetro de fio quente Veleta Vela rádio controlada