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Psicopatia, empatia cognitiva e empatia afetiva : estudo de uma amostra de universitários
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Abstract(s)
O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre a psicopatia e a empatia cognitiva e afetiva em estudantes universitários portugueses. A relevância do estudo da psicopatia em populações normativas resulta de o fenómeno estar mais bem estudado em populações forenses, tornando-se fundamental analisar o impacto desta perturbação na população em geral. Para a análise das relações entre os construtos foram utilizados os instrumentos Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE; Lynam et, al 2011; versão portuguesa por Queirós et al. 2018) e para avaliação da psicopatia e o “Elemental Psychopathy Assessment- Short Form” (EPA-SF; Donald et al. 2013; versão portuguesa por Pereira & Neves 2020) para avaliação da empatia. Os dados foram recolhidos de forma online com a divulgação dos questionários nas redes sociais, obtendo assim uma amostra de 247 participantes.
A presente investigação mostrou que existe uma correlação negativa entre a psicopatia e a empatia, sendo que quando dividida a empatia nas duas componentes (afetiva e cognitiva), a relação com a empatia afetiva é negativa, mas com a cognitiva revelou-se positiva, indo estes dados de encontro com a literatura de investigações anteriores. Os homens apresentaram pontuações mais elevadas na psicopatia, enquanto as mulheres apresentaram valores mais elevados na empatia, dados que confirmam os resultados obtidos para amostras forenses e normativas.
The aim of the current study is to analyze the relationship between psychopathy and both the cognitive and the affective variants of empathy on the portuguese university student community. The relevance of this investigation lies in the need to study this phenomenon in normative populations, due the main target of the studies regarding this topic being the forensic context. To analyze the relationship between the constructs, the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE; Lynam et al., 2011; portuguese version by Queirós et al., 2018) and the Elemental Psychopaty Assessment-Short Form (EPA-SF; Donald et al., 2013; portuguese version by Pereira & Neves, 2020) were used to measure psychopathy and empathy, respectively. The data was retrieved online with the questionnaire being shared on several social media platforms, allowing the final sample to consist in 247 participants. The results showed a significant negative correlation between the psychopathy and the empathy. Plus, when dividing the second in its two components, affective empathy was negatively correlated with psychopathy, but cognitive empathy was positively correlated. These results are similar to those that previous investigations have encountered. Differences between gender were also significant, showing that females scored higher in the empathy scales, while the opposite happened on psychopathy, meaning that gender intereferes with the association between the constructs.
The aim of the current study is to analyze the relationship between psychopathy and both the cognitive and the affective variants of empathy on the portuguese university student community. The relevance of this investigation lies in the need to study this phenomenon in normative populations, due the main target of the studies regarding this topic being the forensic context. To analyze the relationship between the constructs, the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy (QCAE; Lynam et al., 2011; portuguese version by Queirós et al., 2018) and the Elemental Psychopaty Assessment-Short Form (EPA-SF; Donald et al., 2013; portuguese version by Pereira & Neves, 2020) were used to measure psychopathy and empathy, respectively. The data was retrieved online with the questionnaire being shared on several social media platforms, allowing the final sample to consist in 247 participants. The results showed a significant negative correlation between the psychopathy and the empathy. Plus, when dividing the second in its two components, affective empathy was negatively correlated with psychopathy, but cognitive empathy was positively correlated. These results are similar to those that previous investigations have encountered. Differences between gender were also significant, showing that females scored higher in the empathy scales, while the opposite happened on psychopathy, meaning that gender intereferes with the association between the constructs.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Psicopatia Empatia cognitiva Empatia afetiva Diferenças de género Estudantes universitários