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Consequências da utilização de suplementos proteicos para a doença renal
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Abstract(s)
Os rins são órgãos muito importantes para o bom funcionamento do organismo humano e quando sofrem alterações quer a nível da sua estrutura quer das suas funções dão origem a doenças renais que tendem a ser mais frequentes em países desenvolvidos e populações mais idosas. As doenças renais podem classificar-se tendo em conta a zona do rim afetada, em glomerulonefrites ou nefrites túbulo-intersticiais e, segundo a duração da doença, em doenças renais agudas ou crónicas.
As proteínas são macronutrientes indispensáveis para o desenvolvimento do corpo humano. Para o seu consumo é importante ter-se em conta os valores de Recommended Dietary Allowance e de Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. Uma vez que a proteína é um nutriente em que se verificam alguns excessos de consumo, tal como acontece em Portugal, torna-se importante e necessário saber os valores para os quais é considerada uma ingestão adequada. O aumento de proteína na dieta pode ser feito através de alimentos ricos neste nutriente ou por intermédio de suplementos. Estes últimos têm benefícios, mas também alguns riscos associados e por isso esta monografia pretendeu perceber o impacto da utilização inadequada de suplementos proteicos no bom funcionamento do rim.
Do ponto de vista renal deve ter-se especial atenção à sobrecarga destes órgãos, pois o consumo de proteínas exige que o processo de excreção realizado pelo rim seja maior. Embora sejam necessários mais estudos para se chegar a um consenso, quando utilizados a longo prazo os suplementos proteicos podem dar origem a doenças renais e por isso a sua utilização deve ser feita com prudência em indivíduos com doenças crónicas.
The kidneys are very important organs for the proper functioning of the human body, when going through changes which may impact their structure and function they can lead to kidney diseases which tend to be more frequent in developed countries and in older populations. Kidney diseases can be classified according to the affected area such as glomerulonephritis or tubulointerstitial nephritis, and according to the duration of the disease in acute or chronic kidney diseases. Proteins are macronutrients which are essential for the development of the human body. Protein consumption has to take into account the values of Recommended Dietary Allowance and Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. Since proteins are nutrients with high overconsumption cases, as we can see in Portugal, it is important and necessary to understand the values for which an adequate intake is considered. An increased of proteins in diet can be achieved through foods rich in this nutrient or supplements. While the consumption of supplements has benefits to health, it can also present risks, therefore the aim of this monographie is to understand the impact of the inappropriate intake of protein supplements on the normal kidney function. From the renal point of view, a special focus should be given when overloading these organs, as the consumption of proteins requires a higher effort in the excretion process carried out by the kidney. Although more studies are needed to reach consensus, when used in long term, protein supplements can lead to kidney diseases and therefore their use should be done with caution in individuals with chronic diseases.
The kidneys are very important organs for the proper functioning of the human body, when going through changes which may impact their structure and function they can lead to kidney diseases which tend to be more frequent in developed countries and in older populations. Kidney diseases can be classified according to the affected area such as glomerulonephritis or tubulointerstitial nephritis, and according to the duration of the disease in acute or chronic kidney diseases. Proteins are macronutrients which are essential for the development of the human body. Protein consumption has to take into account the values of Recommended Dietary Allowance and Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range. Since proteins are nutrients with high overconsumption cases, as we can see in Portugal, it is important and necessary to understand the values for which an adequate intake is considered. An increased of proteins in diet can be achieved through foods rich in this nutrient or supplements. While the consumption of supplements has benefits to health, it can also present risks, therefore the aim of this monographie is to understand the impact of the inappropriate intake of protein supplements on the normal kidney function. From the renal point of view, a special focus should be given when overloading these organs, as the consumption of proteins requires a higher effort in the excretion process carried out by the kidney. Although more studies are needed to reach consensus, when used in long term, protein supplements can lead to kidney diseases and therefore their use should be done with caution in individuals with chronic diseases.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Doença renal Ingestão proteica Função renal Suplementos proteicos