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Publication
Grau de Dependência dos Clientes com Patologia Ortotraumatológica na RAM
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Abstract(s)
A dependência resulta de um défice que limita a atividade, relaciona-se com a incapacidade da pessoa para a satisfação das necessidades humanas básicas. Resultante do duplo envelhecimento da população, decorrente de uma maior longevidade, constata-se que as doenças crónicas não transmissíveis se tornaram mais prevalentes e consequentemente a dependência.
Assim, este estudo procurou responder à seguinte pergunta de investigação: “Qual o grau de dependência dos clientes alvo de cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação, com patologia ortotraumatológica, no serviço de saúde da RAM?”
Neste estudo do tipo exploratório e descritivo, participaram 163 clientes com patologia ortotraumatológica, alvo de cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação, maioritariamente do género feminino, idosos, vivendo em domicílio familiar, casados, com baixo nível de escolaridade e reformados ou inválidos.
A dependência é mais acentuada nos idosos, do género masculino, que não sabem ler nem escrever, reformados ou inválidos e que se encontram, sobretudo, nas Unidades de Internamento de Longa Duração.
O item H, Higiene, é o que apresenta a maior percentagem de participantes no grau mais grave de dependência. O item comunicação, item J, foi aquele em que mais participantes se encontravam no Grau 5, praticamente independentes. Verificou-se que, tal como encontrado na literatura que as atividades comer e beber, posição corporal, mobilidade, higiene e evitar perigos foram os itens da Escala de Dependência em Cuidados de Enfermagem de Reabilitação com maior prevalência, constituindo uma chamada de atenção no sentido de planear e implementar ações de enfermagem de reabilitação adequadas e exequíveis, que visem a promoção da independência funcional, o autocuidado, a manutenção capacidades remanescentes e a prevenção de acidentes. Tal como em vários dos estudos publicados, a dor foi referida pela maioria dos participantes neste estudo. De salientar que a evidência científica nos revela que a dor está frequentemente presente na patologia ortotraumatológica e é causadora de limitação no desempenho de AVD e consequente dependência.
Porque a dependência pode estar presente em qualquer fase da vida, não sendo a idade que a define, mas sim determinados processos patológicos que levam ao declínio e consequentemente à dependência, sugerem-se mais estudos neste âmbito e que avaliem os impactos da intervenção do enfermeiro de reabilitação nos níveis de dependência dos clientes com patologia ortotraumatológica.
Dependence is the result of a deficit that limits activity, relating to an incapacity of the person to fulfill basic human necessities. Resulting from the double aging of the population, due to greater longevity, it appears that chronic non-transmissible diseases have become more prevalent and consequently results in dependence. Therefore, the current study pursued the answer to the following research question: "How dependent are the clients of rehabilitation nursing care, with ortho-traumatology pathology, in the RAM health service?". In this exploratory and descriptive study, there were 163 clients with ortho-traumatological pathology, receiving rehabilitation nursing care, mostly elderly married females, living in a family home, with a low level of education, and retired or disabled. Dependence was highly noticeable in elderly males, who do not know how to read or write, retired or disabled, and who are mainly in Long Term Care Units. Item H – Hygiene - is the one with the highest percentage of participants in the most severe degree of dependence. The communication item, item J, was the one in which most participants were in Grade 5, almost independent. As found in literature, activities such as eating and drinking, body position, mobility, hygiene, and avoiding dangers were the most prevalent items in the Rehabilitation Nursing Care Scale, a reminder to plan and implement suitable and feasible rehabilitation nursing care, aimed at promoting functional independence, self-care, sustaining remaining capabilities, and accident prevention. As present in several published studies, pain was the factor reported by most of the participants in this study. Scientific evidence tells us that pain is present in ortho-traumatological pathology and is a cause of limitation in DLA (Daily Living Activities) performance and consequent dependence. Since dependence can be present at any life stage, not being age that regulates it, but rather pathological processes that lead to the decline and consequently to dependence, a recommendation would be to do further studies in this area that can assess the impacts of the rehabilitation nurse's intervention concerning the levels of dependence of ortho-traumatological pathology clients.
Dependence is the result of a deficit that limits activity, relating to an incapacity of the person to fulfill basic human necessities. Resulting from the double aging of the population, due to greater longevity, it appears that chronic non-transmissible diseases have become more prevalent and consequently results in dependence. Therefore, the current study pursued the answer to the following research question: "How dependent are the clients of rehabilitation nursing care, with ortho-traumatology pathology, in the RAM health service?". In this exploratory and descriptive study, there were 163 clients with ortho-traumatological pathology, receiving rehabilitation nursing care, mostly elderly married females, living in a family home, with a low level of education, and retired or disabled. Dependence was highly noticeable in elderly males, who do not know how to read or write, retired or disabled, and who are mainly in Long Term Care Units. Item H – Hygiene - is the one with the highest percentage of participants in the most severe degree of dependence. The communication item, item J, was the one in which most participants were in Grade 5, almost independent. As found in literature, activities such as eating and drinking, body position, mobility, hygiene, and avoiding dangers were the most prevalent items in the Rehabilitation Nursing Care Scale, a reminder to plan and implement suitable and feasible rehabilitation nursing care, aimed at promoting functional independence, self-care, sustaining remaining capabilities, and accident prevention. As present in several published studies, pain was the factor reported by most of the participants in this study. Scientific evidence tells us that pain is present in ortho-traumatological pathology and is a cause of limitation in DLA (Daily Living Activities) performance and consequent dependence. Since dependence can be present at any life stage, not being age that regulates it, but rather pathological processes that lead to the decline and consequently to dependence, a recommendation would be to do further studies in this area that can assess the impacts of the rehabilitation nurse's intervention concerning the levels of dependence of ortho-traumatological pathology clients.
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Keywords
Enfermagem de reabilitação Dependência Patologia ortotraumatológica Escala EDC-R RAM