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Abstract(s)
Estudo sobre a util ização do ECDIS na execução da navegação em águas
restritas
Os avanços tecnológicos que se têm registado na navegação marítima contribuem para o aumento da segurança da navegação, no entanto, a mesma tecnologia
tem sido asso ciada a erros críticos, causados p elo fator humano. Alteraçõ es nas
interaçõ es entre o op erador e os sistemas de ap oio à decisão afetam os pro cessos
cognitivos do op erador, como o conhecimento situacional e a capacidade de p ensamento antecip ad o. Estudou-se o comp ortamento do op erador do ECDIS, analisando
as suas interaçõ es com o equipamento e restante equipa de navegação, para tentar
compreender o impacto que a tecnologia e a dep endência desta p o de ter n o seu
comp ortamento. Os d ad os utilizados foram recolhidos a b ordo de navi os da Marinha Portuguesa, com recurso a eye-trackers envergados p elo op erador do ECDIS,
b em como observaçõ es etnográficas sup ortadas p or registos vídeo, áudio e notas dos
observadores relativos às atividades da p onte, na entrada e saída do p orto de Lisb oa, onde se verifica um aumento na carga de trabalho e atenção de to da a equipa
de navegação. Realizaram-se dois questionários para medir o con hecimento situacional e o esforço de trabalho (SART e NASA-TLX). Foi ainda feita uma análise
qualitativa e quantitativa dos dados, de mo do a complementar a análise da informação. Testaram-se hip óteses relativas à atenção e carga de trabalho d o op erador
do ECDIS, através da análise da duração e frequência de piscares de olhos, duração
e frequência de fixaçõ es e da dilatação das p upilas, concluindo-se que a atenção e
carga de trabalho vari am consoante a tarefa a ser realizada. Fez-se, tamb ém, uma
análise às interaçõ es entre os elementos da equipa de navegação e entre o op erador
do ECDIS e o equipamento. Pretende-se que os res ultados contribuam para melhorar o arranjo espacial da p onte, a interface do ECDIS, a organização da equipa de
navegação e o treino do op erador, aumentando a eficiência e segurança da navegação
em águas restritas.
Technological breakthroughs have b een made in maritime navigation, reducing errors and increasing navigation safety. However, the same technology has b een asso ciated with critical accidents, many of which caused by human errors. Changes in the interactions b etween the op erator and the decision supp ort system affect op erators’ cognitive pro ces ses, su ch as situational awarenes s and anticipated thinking. This dissertation presents a study ab out ECDIS op erator’s b ehaviour, analysing his interactions with b oth the equipment and the n avigation team aiming to un derstand the eff ect as well that the dep endency on techn ology might have on this b ehaviour. The used data was collected on b oard Portuguese Navy ships, using eye-trackers worn by the ECDIS op erator, as well as audio records, video and notes taken by observers of all the activities o ccurring in the bridge, during the entrance and exit of the Port of Lisb on, two situations where there is an increase of the navigation team’s attention and workload. Two inquiries were made to measure the situational awareness and workload (SART and NASA-TLX). Besides this, data qualitative and quantitative analysis were condu cted to provide further insights. Two hyp othesis regarding the ECDIS op erator’s attention and workload were tested through the blink and fixation resp ective du ration and frequency analysis as well as through th e pupil diameter, from which it is p ossible to conclude that the attention and workload vary with the typ e of activity conducted, but not with the op erator’s tiredness across time. It is intended that the results contribute to optimize team working i nteractions by improving the bridge an d its equipments’ design leading to an increase of efficiency and safety in restricted waters navigation
Technological breakthroughs have b een made in maritime navigation, reducing errors and increasing navigation safety. However, the same technology has b een asso ciated with critical accidents, many of which caused by human errors. Changes in the interactions b etween the op erator and the decision supp ort system affect op erators’ cognitive pro ces ses, su ch as situational awarenes s and anticipated thinking. This dissertation presents a study ab out ECDIS op erator’s b ehaviour, analysing his interactions with b oth the equipment and the n avigation team aiming to un derstand the eff ect as well that the dep endency on techn ology might have on this b ehaviour. The used data was collected on b oard Portuguese Navy ships, using eye-trackers worn by the ECDIS op erator, as well as audio records, video and notes taken by observers of all the activities o ccurring in the bridge, during the entrance and exit of the Port of Lisb on, two situations where there is an increase of the navigation team’s attention and workload. Two inquiries were made to measure the situational awareness and workload (SART and NASA-TLX). Besides this, data qualitative and quantitative analysis were condu cted to provide further insights. Two hyp othesis regarding the ECDIS op erator’s attention and workload were tested through the blink and fixation resp ective du ration and frequency analysis as well as through th e pupil diameter, from which it is p ossible to conclude that the attention and workload vary with the typ e of activity conducted, but not with the op erator’s tiredness across time. It is intended that the results contribute to optimize team working i nteractions by improving the bridge an d its equipments’ design leading to an increase of efficiency and safety in restricted waters navigation
Description
Keywords
Eye-trackers ECDIS Segurança da navegação Movimento ocular Processos cognitivos