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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O objetivo da investigação é analisar, de forma comparativa face a outros regimes
legais vigentes a nível europeu, a utilização de meios especiais de investigação criminal,
nomeadamente a georreferenciação, no quadro dos meios de obtenção de prova do Direito
Processual Penal Português. Para tal, foi utilizada uma metodologia de raciocínio indutiva,
consubstanciada numa estratégia de investigação qualitativa, operacionalizada através da
análise documental, nomeadamente aos regimes legais previstos na República Federal
Alemã, na República Francesa e no Reino de Espanha, sendo também considerada a
jurisprudência emanada pelo Tribunal Europeu dos Direitos Humanos.
A escassa eficácia dos meios de investigação tradicionais no combate à criminalidade
organizada, em razão dos meios tecnológicos e da dimensão transnacional que assume este
tipo de criminalidade, tem estimulado os Estados e a comunidade internacional a propugnar
a utilização de meios especiais de investigação criminal no combate a este fenómeno, nos
quais se destaca a georreferenciação.
Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que Portugal, contrariamente ao que
paulatinamente tem vindo a suceder em vários países europeus onde por razões de
transparência e de segurança jurídica na defesa dos Direitos Fundamentais se tem optado
pela positivação de um regime para a georreferenciação, não dispõe de consagração legal
expressa para a utilização deste meio no quadro dos meios de obtenção de prova em matéria
penal. Conclui-se que esta opção legislativa, além de conferir insegurança jurídica e
arbitrariedade a nível interno, dificulta, no espaço europeu, a operacionalização dos
instrumentos de obtenção de elementos de prova nos processos com dimensão
transfronteiriça.
The objective of the investigation is to analyze, in a comparative way of other legal regimes European, the use of special means of criminal investigation, namely georeferencing, in the framework of evidence gathering in Portuguese Criminal Procedural Law. To this end, an inductive reasoning methodology was used, embodied in a qualitative research strategy, operationalized through documentary analysis, namely the legal regimes provided for in the Federal Republic of Germany, the French Republic and the Kingdom of Spain, and the case law issued by the European Court of Human Rights was also considered. The low effectiveness of traditional investigative means in combating organized crime, due to technological means and the transnational dimension of this type of crime, has stimulated States and the international community to advocate the use of special means of criminal investigation in combating this phenomenon, in which georeferencing stands out. The results obtained showed that Portugal, contrary to what has gradually been happening in several European countries, where for reasons of transparency and legal security in the defense of Fundamental Rights it has been opted for the positivization of a regime for georeferencing, has no consecration legal expression for the use of this means in the framework of evidence gathering in criminal matters. It is concluded that this legislative option, in addition to conferring legal uncertainty and arbitrariness at the internal level, makes it difficult to operationalize, at European level, the instruments for evidence gathering in cases with a cross-border dimension.
The objective of the investigation is to analyze, in a comparative way of other legal regimes European, the use of special means of criminal investigation, namely georeferencing, in the framework of evidence gathering in Portuguese Criminal Procedural Law. To this end, an inductive reasoning methodology was used, embodied in a qualitative research strategy, operationalized through documentary analysis, namely the legal regimes provided for in the Federal Republic of Germany, the French Republic and the Kingdom of Spain, and the case law issued by the European Court of Human Rights was also considered. The low effectiveness of traditional investigative means in combating organized crime, due to technological means and the transnational dimension of this type of crime, has stimulated States and the international community to advocate the use of special means of criminal investigation in combating this phenomenon, in which georeferencing stands out. The results obtained showed that Portugal, contrary to what has gradually been happening in several European countries, where for reasons of transparency and legal security in the defense of Fundamental Rights it has been opted for the positivization of a regime for georeferencing, has no consecration legal expression for the use of this means in the framework of evidence gathering in criminal matters. It is concluded that this legislative option, in addition to conferring legal uncertainty and arbitrariness at the internal level, makes it difficult to operationalize, at European level, the instruments for evidence gathering in cases with a cross-border dimension.
Description
Keywords
Georreferenciação Sistema de posicionamento global Meios especiais de investigação criminal Meios de obtenção de prova Direitos Fundamentais Georeferencing Global positioning system Special means of criminal investigation Evidence gathering Fundamental rights