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Abstract(s)
O sucesso nas operações marítimas apenas pode ser atingido através da interação eficiente e eficaz entre pessoas e tecnologia. Tendo em conta a crescente
dependência na última a bordo dos navios, uma das questões mais prementes é a
provada falibilidade dos sistemas de radioposicionamento satélite, nomeadamente
dos GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) que, consequentemente, tem levantado preocupações relativamente à resiliência dos mesmos. Os requisitos das fontes
de posicionamento, navegação e tempo (PNT) também têm crescido significativamente na última década, portanto, a qualidade e integridade desses três parâmetros
tornaram-se cada vez mais um elemento decisivo para o sucesso nas operações marítimas, especialmente na condução da navegação. O objetivo do estudo é identificar
quais os fatores de sucesso para uma navegação mais resiliente. A solução proposta
passa portanto pela abordagem da resiliência PNT através dos Sistemas Cognitivos
Conjuntos, medindo o desempenho das equipas, o cumprimento dos procedimentos
e fatores humanos, nomeadamente a interação quer com a tecnologia, quer entre os
diferentes membros da equipa, a confiança na automação, assim como o conhecimento situacional e a carga de trabalho, quando confrontados com uma disrupção
GNSS. Os participantes do estudo foram equipas de pilotagem da Marinha Portuguesa (MP) e as sessões ocorreram num simulador de navegação. As equipas
realizaram um treino de pilotagem padrão dividido em três momentos distintos:
com normal disponibilidade de sinal GNSS, sob spoofing e sob jamming. O desempenho foi medido com base em medidas quantitativas de controlo do posicionamento
e do tempo, o cumprimento dos procedimentos com o apoio de avaliadores do CITAN e os fatores humanos foram medidos sobretudo recorrendo a questionários. A
metodologia FRAM (Functional Ressonance Analysis Method) providenciou o suporte para analisar as diferenças entre o trabalho como prescrito e o trabalho como
é realizado. O estudo pretende providenciar um conhecimento extensivo relativamente à capacidade das equipas de pilotagem em efetuarem a condução da navegação
face à adversidade de uma disrupção GNSS, efetivamente elevando o nível de conhecimento da função PNT na MP e abrindo caminho para soluções de Sistemas
Cognitivos Conjuntos para uma melhor e mais resiliente condução da navegação
Success in maritime operations can only be achieved through efficient and effective interaction between people and technology. Given the growing dependency on the latter aboard ships, one of the most pressing issues is the proven fallibility of satellite radio positioning systems, namely GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), which have raised resilience concerns. The requirements for the position, navigation, and timing (PNT) sources have grown significantly over the past decade. So, the quality and integrity of those three parameters have become a more decisive element for success in maritime operations, especially navigation. Therefore, the proposed solution addresses the PNT resilience through the scope of Joint Cognitive Systems, measuring teams’ performance, procedure compliance, and human factors. The latter includes interactions with technology and other team members, trust in automation, situational awareness, and workload when faced with a GNSS disruption. The study’s participants were piloting teams from the Portuguese navy in a navigation simulator. The teams performed a simple piloting training split into three distinct moments: normal availability of GNSS signal, undergoing spoofing, and undergoing jamming. The performance was measured through quantitative measurements of time and positioning control and procedure compliance with the support of evaluators from CITAN. The human factors were primarily measured using questionnaires. The FRAM methodology (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) provided the support to analyze the differences between Work as Done and Work as Prescribed. The study intends to provide extensive insight into the piloting teams’ ability to navigate in the face of the adversity of GNSS disruption, effectively upraising the knowledge of the PNT function in the Portuguese navy and paving the way to Joint Cognitive Systems solutions for a better, more resilient navigation.
Success in maritime operations can only be achieved through efficient and effective interaction between people and technology. Given the growing dependency on the latter aboard ships, one of the most pressing issues is the proven fallibility of satellite radio positioning systems, namely GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), which have raised resilience concerns. The requirements for the position, navigation, and timing (PNT) sources have grown significantly over the past decade. So, the quality and integrity of those three parameters have become a more decisive element for success in maritime operations, especially navigation. Therefore, the proposed solution addresses the PNT resilience through the scope of Joint Cognitive Systems, measuring teams’ performance, procedure compliance, and human factors. The latter includes interactions with technology and other team members, trust in automation, situational awareness, and workload when faced with a GNSS disruption. The study’s participants were piloting teams from the Portuguese navy in a navigation simulator. The teams performed a simple piloting training split into three distinct moments: normal availability of GNSS signal, undergoing spoofing, and undergoing jamming. The performance was measured through quantitative measurements of time and positioning control and procedure compliance with the support of evaluators from CITAN. The human factors were primarily measured using questionnaires. The FRAM methodology (Functional Resonance Analysis Method) provided the support to analyze the differences between Work as Done and Work as Prescribed. The study intends to provide extensive insight into the piloting teams’ ability to navigate in the face of the adversity of GNSS disruption, effectively upraising the knowledge of the PNT function in the Portuguese navy and paving the way to Joint Cognitive Systems solutions for a better, more resilient navigation.
Description
Keywords
Maritime navigation safety PNT Resilience Human Factors Joint Cognitive Systems