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Publication
Do fundamento, âmbito e limites da pesquisa de dados informáticos enquanto meio de obtenção de prova
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
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| 1.38 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Os avanços tecnológicos dos últimos anos trouxeram inegáveis benefícios
para a economia e para a sociedade. No entanto, também foram aproveitados
pelos criminosos, designadamente para gizar novos modi operandi relativamente
aos crimes tradicionais e para desenvolver uma panóplia de novas práticas
criminosas, tornando-se o fenómeno do cibercrime uma realidade cada vez mais
preocupante e com tendência crescente.
A consciência desta nova realidade e a necessidade de criar respostas
adequadas à repressão do cibercrime estiveram na origem da Convenção sobre
o Cibercrime do Conselho da Europa, aberta à assinatura em Budapeste em 23
de novembro de 2001.
Portugal veio a adaptar o direito interno à Convenção sobre Cibercrime do
Conselho da Europa, através da Lei 109/2009, de 15 de setembro, também
designada por Lei do Cibercrime. Esta lei consagra novos meios de obtenção de
prova em ambiente digital, destacando-se a pesquisa de dados informáticos,
prevista no art.º 15.º da Lei do Cibercrime.
Não obstante se tratar de um meio de obtenção de prova com bastante
relevância para a investigação criminal, a vulgarização de soluções tecnológicas,
tais como a encriptação, poderão inviabilizar a recolha de prova digital, que ficará
dependente da colaboração do visado.
Simultaneamente aperfeiçoam-se novos meios tecnológicos com um
potencial inegável para a efetivação da recolha de prova digital, mas com a
particularidade de se tratarem de meios ocultos ao visado. É o caso do malware.
Assim sendo, tendo presente estas circunstâncias, e a necessidade de
consagrar meios eficazes no combate a uma criminalidade cada vez mais
sofisticada, urge proceder à alteração da lei do cibercrime, prevendo-se de forma
clara e detalhada a pesquisa de dados informáticos de forma remota e sem o
conhecimento do visado, através de meios informáticos adequados, em
consonância com os princípios e valores jurídico-constitucionais.
Através destes princípios, será possível encontrar critérios axiológicos
capazes de delimitar o correto âmbito de aplicação e os limites à aplicabilidade
deste meio de obtenção de prova.
The latest years’ technological breakthroughs have brought undeniable benefits to both economy and society. Nevertheless, they were also seized by perpetrators, namely to find new modi operandi for their usual criminalities and to develop new criminal practices, hence becoming the cybercrime phenomenon. This is a growing tendency as well as an ever-distressing reality. The awareness of this new reality and the need to create suitable answers to limit cybercrime were at the origin of the Council of Europe Cybercrime Convention, open for signature in 23 November 2001, in Budapest. Portugal adapted its national law to the Council of Europe Cybercrime Convention through the law 109/2009 of 15 September, also named as cybercrime law. This law dedicates new means of obtaining electronic evidence, standing out the electronic data research, which is in art.15º of the Cybercrime law. Although electronic data research is a relevant means of evidence for securing the criminal investigation, the widespread use of IT solutions, as for example, encryption may render the electronic evidence useless and reliant on the good will of the perpetrator. At the same time, new IT solutions are getting streamlined with undisputable potential for helping on the effective acquisition of the electronic evidence plus having the distinctiveness of being concealed to the perpetrator. This is the case of malware. Thus, mindful of these circumstances and of the necessity to dedicate effective means to fight the increasingly sophisticated criminality, it is of utmost urgency to change the cybercrime law in a clear and detailed way. The objective would be to provide for remote research of electronic data without the suspect’s knowledge, through the appropriate IT tools in accordance with the constitutional law’s principles and values. By means of these principles, it will be possible to find axis criteria capable of outlining the right scope of implementation and the boundaries of the enforcement of this type of evidence acquisition.
The latest years’ technological breakthroughs have brought undeniable benefits to both economy and society. Nevertheless, they were also seized by perpetrators, namely to find new modi operandi for their usual criminalities and to develop new criminal practices, hence becoming the cybercrime phenomenon. This is a growing tendency as well as an ever-distressing reality. The awareness of this new reality and the need to create suitable answers to limit cybercrime were at the origin of the Council of Europe Cybercrime Convention, open for signature in 23 November 2001, in Budapest. Portugal adapted its national law to the Council of Europe Cybercrime Convention through the law 109/2009 of 15 September, also named as cybercrime law. This law dedicates new means of obtaining electronic evidence, standing out the electronic data research, which is in art.15º of the Cybercrime law. Although electronic data research is a relevant means of evidence for securing the criminal investigation, the widespread use of IT solutions, as for example, encryption may render the electronic evidence useless and reliant on the good will of the perpetrator. At the same time, new IT solutions are getting streamlined with undisputable potential for helping on the effective acquisition of the electronic evidence plus having the distinctiveness of being concealed to the perpetrator. This is the case of malware. Thus, mindful of these circumstances and of the necessity to dedicate effective means to fight the increasingly sophisticated criminality, it is of utmost urgency to change the cybercrime law in a clear and detailed way. The objective would be to provide for remote research of electronic data without the suspect’s knowledge, through the appropriate IT tools in accordance with the constitutional law’s principles and values. By means of these principles, it will be possible to find axis criteria capable of outlining the right scope of implementation and the boundaries of the enforcement of this type of evidence acquisition.
Description
Keywords
Prova digital Meios de obtenção de prova em ambiente digital Pesquisa de dados informáticos Encriptação Malware Princípios constitucionais Digital evidence Means of electronic evidence acquisition Search data Encryption Malware Constitutional law principles