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Publication
(I)Licitude da captação de imagens com recurso a veículos aéreos não tripulados no âmbito da investigação criminal?
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Abstract(s)
Atualmente a criminalidade tornou-se mais organizada e complexa, criando deste modo,
óbices aos atores estatais que desempenham funções no âmbito da atividade de investigação
criminal. Por conseguinte, para que jus puniendi do Estado não seja comprometido, são ne cessários novos meios tecnológicos que auxiliem na aquisição de prova.
Assim, é então com base nestas premissas que elaboramos o presente estudo de investi gação. Propusemo-nos a analisar o regime jurídico nacional, no sentido de concluir sobre a
licitude ou ilicitude da captação de imagens efetuadas com recurso a veículos aéreos não
tripulados no âmbito da investigação criminal.
Neste sentido, inicialmente explanamos a evolução dos veículos aéreos não tripulados,
bem como as suas valências no contexto da atividade policial.
Posteriormente, conceptualizamos a atividade de investigação criminal e expusemos as
mais valias da utilização da tecnologia para a sua persecução.
Em virtude de a função da investigação criminal consistir de forma medular em obter
matéria probatória penalmente relevante, primeiramente, definimos o conceito de prova,
bem como, os princípios inerentes à sua obtenção. Ademais, aclaramos em que consistem os
meios proibidos de prova e os meios ocultos e atípicos de obtenção de prova. No seguimento
desta sequência lógica sobre a matéria respeitante à prova, analisamos o eventual conflito
entre a obtenção de prova e os direitos fundamentais, nomeadamente, o direito à reserva da
intimidade da vida privada e o direito à imagem.
Alicerçados na análise de jurisprudência e doutrina no que concerne à matéria atinente à
prova e à sua obtenção, e após a interpretação da Lei n.º 5/2002, de 11 de janeiro, diploma
legal que estabelece medidas de combate à criminalidade organizada e económico finan ceira, concluímos que é lícita a utilização de veículos aéreos não tripulados para a captação
de imagens no âmbito da investigação criminal.
In recent years, crime has become more organized and complex. This has created im mense difficulties for government actors conducting criminal investigations. Today, in order to ensure that the state's jus puniendi is not compromised, new technological means are ne eded to assist in obtaining criminally relevant evidence. Based on these premises, we prepared this research study. We set out to analyze the nati onal legal system in order to reach a conclusion on the legality or illegality of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography in the context of criminal investigations. To this end, we first explain the evolution of unmanned aerial vehicles and their capabi lities in the context of police activities. Then, we conceptualize the activity of criminal investigation and the added value of the use of technology in its pursuit. We begin by defining the concept of evidence and the principles involved in obtaining it, since the main function of criminal investigation is to obtain criminally relevant evidence. We also clarify the prohibited means of evidence and the hidden and atypical means of ob taining evidence. Following this logical sequence on the subject of evidence, we have analyzed the possible conflict between the obtaining of evidence and fundamental rights, in particular the right to privacy and the right to an image. Based on an analysis of case law and doctrine on the subject of evidence and how it is obtained, and after interpreting Law no. 5/2002, of January 11, a law that introduces me asures to combat organized and economic-financial crime, we conclude that it is lawful to use unmanned aerial vehicles to capture images as part of a criminal investigation.
In recent years, crime has become more organized and complex. This has created im mense difficulties for government actors conducting criminal investigations. Today, in order to ensure that the state's jus puniendi is not compromised, new technological means are ne eded to assist in obtaining criminally relevant evidence. Based on these premises, we prepared this research study. We set out to analyze the nati onal legal system in order to reach a conclusion on the legality or illegality of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography in the context of criminal investigations. To this end, we first explain the evolution of unmanned aerial vehicles and their capabi lities in the context of police activities. Then, we conceptualize the activity of criminal investigation and the added value of the use of technology in its pursuit. We begin by defining the concept of evidence and the principles involved in obtaining it, since the main function of criminal investigation is to obtain criminally relevant evidence. We also clarify the prohibited means of evidence and the hidden and atypical means of ob taining evidence. Following this logical sequence on the subject of evidence, we have analyzed the possible conflict between the obtaining of evidence and fundamental rights, in particular the right to privacy and the right to an image. Based on an analysis of case law and doctrine on the subject of evidence and how it is obtained, and after interpreting Law no. 5/2002, of January 11, a law that introduces me asures to combat organized and economic-financial crime, we conclude that it is lawful to use unmanned aerial vehicles to capture images as part of a criminal investigation.
Description
Keywords
veículos aéreos não tripulados (VANT) investigação criminal prova direitos fundamentais criminalidade organizada unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) criminal investigation, evidence fundamental rights organized crime