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A obesidade nos animais de companhia e o impacto nas doenças metabólicas
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Abstract(s)
O número de pessoas e animais de companhia que sofrem de excesso de peso ou obesidade tem
vindo a aumentar desde há vários anos. É atualmente o distúrbio alimentar mais comum em animais
de companhia. A obesidade é a consequência de um balanço energético positivo causando uma
acumulação de tecido adiposo visceral e subcutâneo. Os fatores de riscos são numerosos e podem
ser ligados entre outros ao ambiente, à alimentação do animal, à raça, à idade ou ao sexo. O tecido
adiposo é atualmente considerado como um órgão de armazenamento de gordura na forma de
lípidos, mas também como o órgão endócrino mais importante na secreção de adipocinas e citocinas.
A hiperplasia e hipertrofia dos adipócitos que ocorrem num organismo obeso desencadeia um
desequilíbrio metabólico causando a secreção de adipocinas pro-inflamatórias responsáveis pela
resistência à insulina. Um animal obeso encontra-se num estado de inflamação crónica de baixo grau.
Todos estes fenómenos favorecem a associação da obesidade com doenças metabólicas como a
diabetes mellitus de tipo II, o aparecimento de alguns cancros, hipertensão arterial e doença renal
crónica. A obesidade é então uma doença com impacto negativo na saúde dos animais e também
afeta o bem-estar e longevidade. O papel do médico veterinário torna-se muito importante na
prevenção da obesidade, na conscientização dos tutores e no sucesso dos tratamentos durante os
programas de perda de peso.
The number of humans and pets suffering from overweight or obesity has been increasing for several years and is nowadays the most common nutritional disorder in companion animals. Obesity is the consequence of a positive energy balance causing an accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The risk factors are numerous, including, among others the environment, diet, breed, age and sex. Adipose tissue is recognized as a fat storage organ in the form of lipids, but also as the most important endocrine organ in the secretion of adipokines and cytokines. The hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes in an obese animal triggers the disturbance of metabolic balance causing the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines and those responsible for insulin resistance. Obesity is a state of low-grade chronic inflammation. All these phenomena favor the association of obesity with metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, the development of some cancers, hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Obesity is a disease with impacts on the health of animals and also on their well-being and longevity. The role of the veterinarian becomes very important in the prevention of obesity, in the awareness of owners, and in the success of treatments during weight loss programs.
The number of humans and pets suffering from overweight or obesity has been increasing for several years and is nowadays the most common nutritional disorder in companion animals. Obesity is the consequence of a positive energy balance causing an accumulation of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. The risk factors are numerous, including, among others the environment, diet, breed, age and sex. Adipose tissue is recognized as a fat storage organ in the form of lipids, but also as the most important endocrine organ in the secretion of adipokines and cytokines. The hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes in an obese animal triggers the disturbance of metabolic balance causing the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines and those responsible for insulin resistance. Obesity is a state of low-grade chronic inflammation. All these phenomena favor the association of obesity with metabolic diseases such as type II diabetes mellitus, the development of some cancers, hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Obesity is a disease with impacts on the health of animals and also on their well-being and longevity. The role of the veterinarian becomes very important in the prevention of obesity, in the awareness of owners, and in the success of treatments during weight loss programs.
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Keywords
Adipocinas Cancro Cão Citocinas Fatores de risco Gato Inflamação Obesidade Perda de peso Resistência a insulina Adipokines Cancer Cat Cytokines Dog Inflammation Insulin resistance Obesity Risk fators Weight loss