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Publication
Diagnóstico e cuidados orais de pacientes portadores de cancro
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O cancro é das principais preocupações do ramo da saúde, sendo a segunda causa de morte mais comum e a sua prevalência tem vindo a aumentar com o passar dos anos, criando assim uma população carenciada de cuidados especializados e estudados em diversas áreas da medicina, acabando por surgir a necessidade de pesquisar e perceber onde a área da medicina dentária poderá intervir e melhorar o diagnóstico o mais precocemente possível, podendo o médico dentista ser a primeira linha para a deteção, prevenção, sobrevivência e qualidade de vida dos doentes.
O médico dentista é responsável pelo estudo, prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento de anomalias e doenças que vão afetar os dentes, região oral, maxila, mandíbula e estruturas adjacentes, tendo enorme importância na deteção de lesões orais, principalmente as potencialmente malignas dado que, poderão evoluir para cancro diversos da cabeça e pescoço. Estas lesões incluem Leucoplasias, Eritroplasias, Queilites Actínicas, alterações associadas ao Fumador Reverso, Líquen Plano, Fibrose Submucosa; o médico dentista terá a responsabilidade de informar o paciente destas condições, prosseguir com o diagnóstico, e encaminhamento da resolução das mesmas, dado que, a sintomatologia oral poderá ser um dos primeiros sinais de cancros sistémicos, como o cancro do esófago, linfomas e leucemias.
A educação do paciente e do médico dentista sobre os fatores de risco de cancro são essenciais para um prognóstico favorável, da prevenção, alertando para o tabaco, álcool, idade, suscetibilidade e predisposição genética e o vírus do papiloma humano.
É fulcral o médico dentista, estar informado sobre os sinais e sintomas na cavidade oral pré, durante e pós tratamento oncológico, protegendo o doente de efeitos colaterais inerentes a terapias oncológicas como radioterapia, quimioterapia e imunoterapia, ajudando a melhorar a sobrevivência e qualidade de vida do mesmo.
Cancer constitutes one of the leading concerns in healthcare, ranking as the second primary cause of mortality globally. Its rising prevalence has created a growing demand for specialized, multidisciplinary care. This context highlights the importance of identifying the role of dentistry in early diagnosis, with dentists potentially serving as a primary point of detection, prevention, and intervention, thereby improving patient survival and quality of life. Dentists are responsible for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of diseases affecting teeth, the oral cavity, maxilla, mandible, and adjacent structures. Their role is critical in identifying oral potentially malignant disorders that may progress to head and neck cancers. Such lesions include leukoplakia, erythroplakia, actinic cheilitis, reverse smokers symptoms oral lichen planus, and oral submucous fibrosis. Dentists must educate patients, initiate diagnostic procedures, and coordinate timely referrals, as oral manifestations may serve as early indicators of systemic malignancies, such as esophageal cancer, lymphomas, and leukemias. Education on cancer risk factors for both patients and dental professionals is crucial to enhance prevention and prognosis. Key factors include tobacco and alcohol consumption, age, genetic predisposition, individual susceptibility, and human papillomavirus infection. It is essential for dentists to remain informed about oral manifestations before, during, and after oncological treatment to implement preventive and supportive care. This knowledge helps mitigate adverse effects related to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, ultimately contributing to improved survival rates and patient quality of life.
Cancer constitutes one of the leading concerns in healthcare, ranking as the second primary cause of mortality globally. Its rising prevalence has created a growing demand for specialized, multidisciplinary care. This context highlights the importance of identifying the role of dentistry in early diagnosis, with dentists potentially serving as a primary point of detection, prevention, and intervention, thereby improving patient survival and quality of life. Dentists are responsible for the prevention, diagnosis, and management of diseases affecting teeth, the oral cavity, maxilla, mandible, and adjacent structures. Their role is critical in identifying oral potentially malignant disorders that may progress to head and neck cancers. Such lesions include leukoplakia, erythroplakia, actinic cheilitis, reverse smokers symptoms oral lichen planus, and oral submucous fibrosis. Dentists must educate patients, initiate diagnostic procedures, and coordinate timely referrals, as oral manifestations may serve as early indicators of systemic malignancies, such as esophageal cancer, lymphomas, and leukemias. Education on cancer risk factors for both patients and dental professionals is crucial to enhance prevention and prognosis. Key factors include tobacco and alcohol consumption, age, genetic predisposition, individual susceptibility, and human papillomavirus infection. It is essential for dentists to remain informed about oral manifestations before, during, and after oncological treatment to implement preventive and supportive care. This knowledge helps mitigate adverse effects related to radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, ultimately contributing to improved survival rates and patient quality of life.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Keywords
Lesões orais Cancro Cancro infantil Cuidados orais