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A Transição da pessoa com doença renal crónica: Desenvolvimento de Competências Clínicas Especializadas em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, na área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crónica
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A crescente prevalência das doenças crónicas evidencia a necessidade urgente de investir na capacitação das pessoas para a autogestão da sua condição de saúde. A doença renal crónica (DRC) constitui uma das doenças com maior impacto na saúde pública mundial pela sua evolução progressiva, influência na qualidade de vida da pessoa e pela sobrecarga que representa nos sistemas de saúde. Neste sentido, importa desenvolver competências de enfermagem especializadas para dar resposta às necessidades em cuidados decorrentes da DRC.
No âmbito da unidade curricular Estágio de natureza profissional com relatório – módulo II, inserida no segundo ano do plano de estudos do Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crónica, foi desenvolvido o presente relatório. O estágio decorreu em dois contextos clínicos distintos, designadamente na unidade de Hemodiálise e Diálise Peritoneal, na vertente de ambulatório, e na unidade de Transplante Renal, na vertente de internamento, ambos integrados no serviço de Nefrologia de um hospital central de referência.
Este relatório apresenta e analisa a complexidade dos cuidados prestados à pessoa com DRC, destacando o papel do enfermeiro especialista no processo de transição e adaptação da pessoa às exigências inerentes à evolução da sua condição clínica. Além da reflexão crítica sustentada em referenciais teóricos e práticos adquiridos ao longo percurso formativo, inclui um estudo de caso elaborado durante o estágio, com recurso à e4nursing, plataforma pedagógica, que serviu de suporte à tomada de decisão no desenvolvimento de competências especializadas.
A concretização do objetivo geral deste relatório – desenvolver competências em enfermagem médico-cirúrgica à pessoa com compromisso renal com foco no processo de transição – fundamentou-se nas competências transversais expressas no Regulamento das Competências Comuns do Enfermeiro Especialista, bem como nas competências específicas do enfermeiro especialista em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica na área de Enfermagem à Pessoa em Situação Crónica. Para tal, foram definidos objetivos específicos e implementadas atividades direcionadas à aquisição e aprofundamento de competências especializadas, promovendo um cuidado de excelência na gestão e acompanhamento da pessoa com DRC.
The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases highlights the urgent need to invest in empowering people to self-manage their health condition. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the diseases with the greatest impact on public health worldwide due to its progressive progression, influence on the person's quality of life and the burden it places on health systems. In this sense, it is important to develop specialized nursing skills to meet the care needs arising from CKD. This report was developed within the scope of the curricular unit Professional internship with report – module II, included in the second year of the Master's degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations. The internship took place in two distinct clinical contexts, namely in the Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis unit, in the outpatient aspect, and in the Renal Transplant unit, in the inpatient aspect, both integrated in the Nephrology service of a central reference hospital. This report presents and analyses the complexity of care provided to people with CKD, highlighting the role of the specialist nurse in the process of transition and adaptation of the person to the demands inherent in the evolution of their clinical condition. In addition to the critical reflection supported by theoretical and practical references acquired throughout the training course, it includes a case study prepared during the internship, using e4nursing, a pedagogical platform, which served as support for decision-making in the development of specialist skills. The achievement of the general objective of this report – to develop skills in medical-surgical nursing for people with renal impairment with a focus on the transition process – was based on the transversal skills expressed in the Regulation of Common Skills of Specialist Nurses, as well as on the specific skills of the specialist nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations. To this end, specific objectives were defined and activities were implemented aimed at the acquisition and development of specialized skills, promoting excellent care in the management and monitoring of people with CKD.
The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases highlights the urgent need to invest in empowering people to self-manage their health condition. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the diseases with the greatest impact on public health worldwide due to its progressive progression, influence on the person's quality of life and the burden it places on health systems. In this sense, it is important to develop specialized nursing skills to meet the care needs arising from CKD. This report was developed within the scope of the curricular unit Professional internship with report – module II, included in the second year of the Master's degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations. The internship took place in two distinct clinical contexts, namely in the Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis unit, in the outpatient aspect, and in the Renal Transplant unit, in the inpatient aspect, both integrated in the Nephrology service of a central reference hospital. This report presents and analyses the complexity of care provided to people with CKD, highlighting the role of the specialist nurse in the process of transition and adaptation of the person to the demands inherent in the evolution of their clinical condition. In addition to the critical reflection supported by theoretical and practical references acquired throughout the training course, it includes a case study prepared during the internship, using e4nursing, a pedagogical platform, which served as support for decision-making in the development of specialist skills. The achievement of the general objective of this report – to develop skills in medical-surgical nursing for people with renal impairment with a focus on the transition process – was based on the transversal skills expressed in the Regulation of Common Skills of Specialist Nurses, as well as on the specific skills of the specialist nurse in Medical-Surgical Nursing in the area of Nursing for People in Chronic Situations. To this end, specific objectives were defined and activities were implemented aimed at the acquisition and development of specialized skills, promoting excellent care in the management and monitoring of people with CKD.
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Enfermeiro Especialista Competências Doença Renal Crónica Processo de Transição