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Publication
Das atribuições das Polícias Municipais de regime especial: órgãos de Polícia Municipal e criminal?
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Abstract(s)
As cidades de Lisboa e do Porto sempre foram e continuam a ser as mais preponderantes a
nível nacional, principalmente pela massa populacional que concentram, sendo Lisboa a
capital do país. Esta questão tem o seu reflexo no domínio da segurança, nomeadamente na
organização das forças e serviços de segurança (FSS), como é o caso da Polícia de Segurança
Pública (PSP), que constitui Comandos Metropolitanos nos Distritos de Lisboa e do Porto,
ao invés de Comandos Distritais. Esta diferenciação também se regista nas polícias
municipais (PM), definindo o artigo 21º da Lei Quadro das Polícias Municipais (LQPM) a
existência de um regime especial para as PM de Lisboa e do Porto. Estes dois serviços
municipais têm uma ligação muito próxima com a PSP, baseando nesta força de segurança
(FS) a sua estrutura e organização, de maior extensão e complexidade que as restantes PM.
A principal diferença reside no recrutamento, sendo que as PM de Lisboa e do Porto recrutam
o seu efetivo de entre o pessoal com funções policiais da PSP, que mantêm o vínculo
profissional com esta FS. Estes polícias estão dotados de níveis significativamente distintos
de formação, conhecimento e experiência face ao efetivo das restantes PM, de regime
comum, recrutados à sociedade civil.
Apesar da diferença de capacidades, no que diz respeito aos recursos humanos, materiais e
financeiros, entre as PM dos dois regimes, ambas atuam tendo por base um leque semelhante
de atribuições e competências. Através desta investigação, procura-se caracterizar os
regimes das PM em vigor e as especificidades do regime especial, esclarecendo as suas
atribuições e competências. Pretende-se também explorar a possibilidade de atribuição de
competências próprias de órgão de polícia criminal (OPC) às PM de regime especial e avaliar
o impacto que esta alteração poderia ter na segurança pública e na atividade das FSS. Da
análise de entrevistas realizadas e do atual quadro jurídico-legal, assim como da revisão da
literatura feita, foi possível formular considerações, no sentido de retratar a realidade, e
possíveis soluções, olhando para a melhoria da eficácia e eficiência na administração da
segurança pública nos Municípios de Lisboa e do Porto. Conclui-se que o regime especial
das PM carece de revisão, nomeadamente em relação à exploração da mais-valia que o
conhecimento e experiência profissional do seu efetivo representa.
The cities of Lisbon and Oporto have always been and continue to be the most important at a national level, mainly due to the mass of population they concentrate, with Lisbon being the country's capital. This is reflected in the field of security, particularly in the organization of the security forces and services (FSS), such as the Public Security Police (PSP), which has Metropolitan Commands in the Districts of Lisbon and Porto, rather than District Commands. This differentiation is also seen in the municipal police (MP), with article 21 of the Municipal Police Framework Law (LQPM) defining the existence of a special regime for the MPs of Lisbon and Porto. These two municipal services have very close ties with the PSP, basing their structure and organization on this security force (FS), which is more extensive and complex than the other MPs. The main difference lies in recruitment, with the PMs of Lisbon and Porto recruiting their staff from among PSP police officers, who maintain their professional ties with the PSP. These police officers have significantly different levels of training, knowledge and experience from the other MPs, who are recruited from civil society. Despite the difference in capacities, in terms of human, material and financial resources, between the PMs of the two regimes, both operate on the basis of a similar range of duties and competencies. This research seeks to characterize the PM regimes in force and the specificities of the special regime, clarifying their duties and competences. The aim is also to explore the possibility of assigning the powers of a criminal police body (CPB) to special regime MPs and to assess the impact that this change could have on public security and on the activity of the FSS. From the analysis of the interviews conducted and the current legal framework, as well as the literature review carried out, it was possible to formulate considerations in order to portray the reality and possible solutions, with a view to improving effectiveness and efficiency in the administration of public security in the municipalities of Lisbon and Porto. The conclusion is that the special regime for MPs needs to be revised, particularly in relation to exploiting the added value that the knowledge and professional experience of its staff represents.
The cities of Lisbon and Oporto have always been and continue to be the most important at a national level, mainly due to the mass of population they concentrate, with Lisbon being the country's capital. This is reflected in the field of security, particularly in the organization of the security forces and services (FSS), such as the Public Security Police (PSP), which has Metropolitan Commands in the Districts of Lisbon and Porto, rather than District Commands. This differentiation is also seen in the municipal police (MP), with article 21 of the Municipal Police Framework Law (LQPM) defining the existence of a special regime for the MPs of Lisbon and Porto. These two municipal services have very close ties with the PSP, basing their structure and organization on this security force (FS), which is more extensive and complex than the other MPs. The main difference lies in recruitment, with the PMs of Lisbon and Porto recruiting their staff from among PSP police officers, who maintain their professional ties with the PSP. These police officers have significantly different levels of training, knowledge and experience from the other MPs, who are recruited from civil society. Despite the difference in capacities, in terms of human, material and financial resources, between the PMs of the two regimes, both operate on the basis of a similar range of duties and competencies. This research seeks to characterize the PM regimes in force and the specificities of the special regime, clarifying their duties and competences. The aim is also to explore the possibility of assigning the powers of a criminal police body (CPB) to special regime MPs and to assess the impact that this change could have on public security and on the activity of the FSS. From the analysis of the interviews conducted and the current legal framework, as well as the literature review carried out, it was possible to formulate considerations in order to portray the reality and possible solutions, with a view to improving effectiveness and efficiency in the administration of public security in the municipalities of Lisbon and Porto. The conclusion is that the special regime for MPs needs to be revised, particularly in relation to exploiting the added value that the knowledge and professional experience of its staff represents.
Description
Keywords
Polícia Municipal atribuições competências órgão de polícia criminal Municipal Police duties; competencies criminal police body