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As competências emocionais no cuidado especializado de enfermagem à pessoa em situação crítica
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As competências emocionais dos enfermeiros constituem um elemento essencial na prática especializada de enfermagem, particularmente no cuidado à Pessoa em Situação Crítica (PSC), onde a complexidade clínica se cruza com o sofrimento humano e a instabilidade emocional. A capacidade de reconhecer, compreender, expressar e gerir as próprias emoções e as dos outros, torna-se fundamental para assegurar cuidados seguros, empáticos e humanizados, contribuindo para o bem-estar da pessoa cuidada, da família e dos próprios profissionais.
O presente relatório é desenvolvido no âmbito do Mestrado em Enfermagem Médico-Cirúrgica, na área de Enfermagem à PSC. Recorre a uma metodologia reflexiva e crítica para analisar o percurso formativo de aquisição de competências comuns e específicas do Enfermeiro Especialista, bem como das competências inerentes ao grau de Mestre em Enfermagem. As Competências Emocionais (CE) assumem-se como eixo estruturante e transversal a todos os contextos de prática, evidenciando-se como fundamentais na articulação entre as dimensões científica, relacional e ética da profissão. Estas competências influenciam diretamente a qualidade dos cuidados prestados, a gestão do stress, a liderança de equipas e a comunicação em momentos de elevada exigência emocional.
Este percurso foi alicerçado na Teoria Transpessoal do Cuidar de Jean Watson, a qual serviu de referencial concetual, orientando a prática com base numa visão holística e humanista do cuidar, centrada na dignidade, na presença autêntica e na relação enfermeiro-pessoa.
A prática clínica decorreu em quatro contextos distintos — Serviço de Urgência Geral, Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos, Viatura Médica de Emergência e Reanimação e Grupo de Coordenação Local do Programa de Prevenção e Controlo de Infeções e de Resistência aos Antimicrobianos (PPCIRA) — proporcionando experiências desafiantes e enriquecedoras, onde o enfoque nas CE esteve sempre presente.
Emotional competencies are an essential element in specialized nursing practice, particularly in the care of the Person in Critical Condition, where clinical complexity intersects with human suffering and emotional instability. The ability to recognize, understand, express, and manage both one’s own emotions and those of others becomes fundamental in ensuring safe, empathetic, and humanized care, contributing to the well-being of the patient, their family, and healthcare professionals themselves. This report was developed within the framework of the Master’s Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing, in the field of Nursing Care to the PCC. It adopts a reflective and critical methodology to analyze the educational path involved in acquiring both the general and specific competencies of the Specialist Nurse, as well as those required for the Master's level in Nursing. Emotional Competencies are presented as a structuring and transversal axis across all practice contexts, proving to be fundamental in articulating the scientific, relational, and ethical dimensions of the profession. These competencies directly influence the quality of care provided, stress management, team leadership, and communication during moments of high emotional demand. This training path was grounded in Jean Watson’s Transpersonal Caring Theory, which served as a conceptual framework, guiding practice through a holistic and humanistic vision of caring, centred on dignity, authentic presence, and the nurse–person relationship. Clinical practice took place in four distinct settings — the General Emergency Department, Intensive Care Unit, Emergency and Resuscitation Medical Vehicle, and the Local Coordination Group for Infection Prevention and Control of the Program for the prevention and control of infections and antimicrobial resistance — providing challenging and enriching experiences, where the focus on EC was consistently present.
Emotional competencies are an essential element in specialized nursing practice, particularly in the care of the Person in Critical Condition, where clinical complexity intersects with human suffering and emotional instability. The ability to recognize, understand, express, and manage both one’s own emotions and those of others becomes fundamental in ensuring safe, empathetic, and humanized care, contributing to the well-being of the patient, their family, and healthcare professionals themselves. This report was developed within the framework of the Master’s Degree in Medical-Surgical Nursing, in the field of Nursing Care to the PCC. It adopts a reflective and critical methodology to analyze the educational path involved in acquiring both the general and specific competencies of the Specialist Nurse, as well as those required for the Master's level in Nursing. Emotional Competencies are presented as a structuring and transversal axis across all practice contexts, proving to be fundamental in articulating the scientific, relational, and ethical dimensions of the profession. These competencies directly influence the quality of care provided, stress management, team leadership, and communication during moments of high emotional demand. This training path was grounded in Jean Watson’s Transpersonal Caring Theory, which served as a conceptual framework, guiding practice through a holistic and humanistic vision of caring, centred on dignity, authentic presence, and the nurse–person relationship. Clinical practice took place in four distinct settings — the General Emergency Department, Intensive Care Unit, Emergency and Resuscitation Medical Vehicle, and the Local Coordination Group for Infection Prevention and Control of the Program for the prevention and control of infections and antimicrobial resistance — providing challenging and enriching experiences, where the focus on EC was consistently present.
Descrição
Relatório de Estágio para obtenção do grau de mestre na Escola Superior de Saúde Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Competências emocionais Enfermagem médico-cirúrgica Enfermeiro especialista Pessoa em situação crítica