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Porque concorrem as mulheres à PSP e que desafios pensam enfrentar? fatores motivacionais de ingresso na carreira e perceção dos desafios futuros no exercício de funções na carreira de Agente
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Abstract(s)
A Polícia de Segurança Pública (PSP) apresenta baixos níveis de representatividade
de mulheres na carreira de Agente de Polícia. Não obstante a PSP ter sido a primeira Força
de Segurança a integrar mulheres nas suas fileiras, nomeadamente em 1972 com o ingresso
de 273 mulheres (Rodrigues, 2018), a sua representatividade atual face ao total dos efetivos
é ainda substancialmente baixa, situando-se em 9,2% o total de mulheres na carreira de
Agente de Polícia, de acordo com os dados do Balanço Social da PSP de 2023 (PSP, 2024).
No mais recente Curso de Formação de Agentes (19º CFA), que iniciou em novembro de
2023 na Escola Prática de Polícia (EPP), o grupo de alunos do sexo feminino correspondeu
a 16% do total de formandos.
Esta baixa representatividade não encontra paralelo na população portuguesa, já que
as mulheres representam 52,4% da população, de acordo com dados do Instituto Nacional
de Estatística (INE, 2024)1
. Para perceber as razões por detrás deste desequilíbrio, estudámos
as principais motivações das mulheres que concorreram mais recentemente à PSP, em
concreto deste 19º CFA, dado que aí poderá residir a explicação para a baixa atratividade
desta carreira para as mulheres.
Para alcançar este objetivo, aplicámos um inquérito por questionário aos alunos do
19º CFA, de modo a obtermos dados atuais, com possibilidade de comparar as respostas
entre alunos do sexo feminino e masculino, relativamente ao que as poderá ter levado a
concorrer à PSP, bem como relativamente às perceções que possuem relativamente aos
desafios do exercício futuro em funções policiais, enquanto ainda potenciais candidatas a
integrar a carreira de Agente, em concreto acerca: da sua aceitação interna, progressão na
carreira, satisfação pessoal e conciliação vida familiar/trabalho. Foram colocadas também
questões acerca dos aspetos que identificam como mais favoráveis e mais desfavoráveis na
carreira de Agente de Polícia, que irão integrar.
Os resultados observados indicaram que as mulheres concorrem à Polícia pelo desejo
de ajudar os outros e servir a comunidade. No que respeita aos desafios que percecionam
para o futuro prendem-se com a falta de respeito e aceitação dos pares masculinos, bem
como com a falta de oportunidades de progressão na carreira, sobretudo após a maternidade.
Indicaram também que a possibilidade de ajudar o outro, o trabalho em equipa e a diversidade funcional são os aspetos que visualizam como mais favoráveis desta carreira
para as mulheres, e nos aspetos mais negativos apontaram a falta de respeito da sociedade,
o baixo salário, o perigo e o stress do trabalho policial, bem como e as dificuldades de
conciliação com a vida familiar.
The Public Security Police (PSP) has low levels of representation of women in the Police Officer career. Despite the PSP being the first Security Force to integrate women into its ranks, namely in 1972 with the entry of 273 women (Rodrigues, 2018), its current representation in relation to the total number of personnel is still substantially low, standing at the total number of women in the Police Officer career was 9.2%, according to data from the PSP Social Report of 2023 (PSP, 2024). In the most recent Agent Training Course (19th CFA), which started in November 2023 at the Police Practice School (EPP), the group of female students corresponded to 16% of the total number of trainees. This low representation is unparalleled in the Portuguese population, as women represent 52.4% of the population, according to data from the National Statistics Institute (INE, 2024). To understand the reasons behind this imbalance, we studied the main motivations of the women who competed most recently for the PSP, specifically this 19th CFA, as this could be the explanation for the low attractiveness of this career for women. To achieve this goal, we applied a questionnaire survey to 19th CFA students, in order to obtain current data, with the possibility of comparing the answers between female and male students, regarding what may have led them to apply for the PSP, as well as as well as in relation to their perceptions regarding the challenges of future performance in police roles, while still potential candidates to join the Agent career, specifically regarding: their internal acceptance, career progression, personal satisfaction and family/work life balance. Questions were also asked about the aspects that they identify as most favorable and most unfavorable in the career of a Police Officer, which they will integrate. The results observed indicated that women apply for the Police out of the desire to help others and serve the community. Regarding the challenges they perceive for the future, they are related to the lack of respect and acceptance from male peers, as well as the lack of opportunities for career progression, especially after motherhood. They also indicated that the possibility of helping others, teamwork and functional diversity are the aspects that they view as most favorable to this career for women, and in the most negative aspects they pointed out the lack of respect from society, the low salary, the danger and stress of police work, as well as the difficulties of reconciling family life.
The Public Security Police (PSP) has low levels of representation of women in the Police Officer career. Despite the PSP being the first Security Force to integrate women into its ranks, namely in 1972 with the entry of 273 women (Rodrigues, 2018), its current representation in relation to the total number of personnel is still substantially low, standing at the total number of women in the Police Officer career was 9.2%, according to data from the PSP Social Report of 2023 (PSP, 2024). In the most recent Agent Training Course (19th CFA), which started in November 2023 at the Police Practice School (EPP), the group of female students corresponded to 16% of the total number of trainees. This low representation is unparalleled in the Portuguese population, as women represent 52.4% of the population, according to data from the National Statistics Institute (INE, 2024). To understand the reasons behind this imbalance, we studied the main motivations of the women who competed most recently for the PSP, specifically this 19th CFA, as this could be the explanation for the low attractiveness of this career for women. To achieve this goal, we applied a questionnaire survey to 19th CFA students, in order to obtain current data, with the possibility of comparing the answers between female and male students, regarding what may have led them to apply for the PSP, as well as as well as in relation to their perceptions regarding the challenges of future performance in police roles, while still potential candidates to join the Agent career, specifically regarding: their internal acceptance, career progression, personal satisfaction and family/work life balance. Questions were also asked about the aspects that they identify as most favorable and most unfavorable in the career of a Police Officer, which they will integrate. The results observed indicated that women apply for the Police out of the desire to help others and serve the community. Regarding the challenges they perceive for the future, they are related to the lack of respect and acceptance from male peers, as well as the lack of opportunities for career progression, especially after motherhood. They also indicated that the possibility of helping others, teamwork and functional diversity are the aspects that they view as most favorable to this career for women, and in the most negative aspects they pointed out the lack of respect from society, the low salary, the danger and stress of police work, as well as the difficulties of reconciling family life.
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Keywords
Mulher polícia Polícia motivação perceção desafios carreira policial