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Perspetivas sobre o processo de institucionalizaĆ§Ć£o entre grandes idosos
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Abstract(s)
O presente projeto de intervenĆ§Ć£o visa estudar quais as perceƧƵes que os idosos com oitenta, ou mais anos, tĆŖm sobre o processo de institucionalizaĆ§Ć£o e, a partir daĆ, propor um conjunto de intervenƧƵes que facilitem este processo. Para a sua concretizaĆ§Ć£o, optou-se por utilizar uma entrevista estruturada, a uma amostra de doze idosos: trĆŖs dependentes e trĆŖs independentes, em contexto domiciliĆ”rio, e trĆŖs dependentes e trĆŖs independentes, em contexto institucionalizado.
ApĆ³s a anĆ”lise dos resultados de diagnĆ³stico, concluiu-se que os idosos independentes, em contexto domiciliĆ”rio, encaram a institucionalizaĆ§Ć£o como a Ćŗltima resposta Ć s suas necessidades existenciais, pois segundo eles, este processo sĆ³ poderia ser justificado caso padecessem de alguma incapacidade prejudicial ao seu bem-estar.
Por outro lado, no que concerne aos idosos dependentes, nas mesmas condiƧƵes, nĆ£o Ć© rejeitada a ideia de institucionalizaĆ§Ć£o, pois apesar de disporem de uma ajuda significativa, por parte de cuidadores informais, para a realizaĆ§Ć£o de tarefas do quotidiano, os idosos nĆ£o se conformam com a sobrecarga que āimpƵemā aos seus cuidadores, considerando-se āum fardoā. Desta forma, olham para a institucionalizaĆ§Ć£o, como uma passĆvel soluĆ§Ć£o para o seu āproblemaā.
No que toca aos idosos dependente e independentes em ERPI (Estruturas Residenciais para Pessoas Idosas), sĆ£o indicados dois grandes motivos que os levaram a recorrer Ć institucionalizaĆ§Ć£o, a falta de recursos sociais e o medo de queda.
De acordo com as respostas obtidas atravĆ©s das entrevistas, Ć© percetĆvel, que, apesar da institucionalizaĆ§Ć£o apresentar muitos pontos positivos, tambĆ©m sĆ£o realƧados alguns pontos negativos, como Ć© o caso do sedentarismo.
Como forma de dar respostas a alguns problemas diagnosticados e de melhorar, em alguns aspetos, a qualidade de vida dos quatro grupos de idosos em estudo, foram idealizadas algumas atividades de intervenĆ§Ć£o, de acordo com as necessidades dos idosos.
This intervention project aims to study the perceptions that older people aged 80 years or more have about the institutionalisation process, and from there, to propose a set of interventions to facilitate this process. In order to acquire the results, a structured interview was used with a sample of twelve older people: three dependent and three independent older people at home and three dependent and three independent older people in an institutionalised context. After analysing the diagnostic results, it was concluded that the independent elderly at home saw institutionalisation as the last answer to their existential needs, as, according to them, this process could only be justified if they suffered from some disability that was harmful to their well-being. On the other hand, regarding dependent older people, in the same conditions, the idea of institutionalisation is not rejected, because although they have significant help from informal caregivers to perform daily tasks, older people do not accept the overload that they "impose" on their caregivers, considering themselves as "a burden". Thus, they look to institutionalisation as a possible solution to their "problem". With regard to dependent and independent elderly people in residential homes for the elderly, two main reasons are indicated for institutionalisation: the lack of social resources and the fear of falling. According to the answers obtained through the interviews, it is perceptible that, although institutionalisation presents many positive points, some negative points are also highlighted, such as sedentarism. As a way of providing answers to some problems diagnosed and improving, in some aspects, the quality of life of the four groups of older people under study, some intervention activities were developed according to the older people's needs.
Ce projet d'intervention vise Ć Ć©tudier les perceptions qu'ont les personnes Ć¢gĆ©es de 80 ans ou plus du processus d'institutionnalisation, et Ć partir de lĆ , proposer une esemble dĀ“interventions qui facilitent ce processu. Afin d'acquĆ©rir les rĆ©sultats, un entretien structurĆ© a Ć©tĆ© utilisĆ© avec un Ć©chantillon de douze personnes Ć¢gĆ©es: trois personnes Ć¢gĆ©es dĆ©pendantes et trois personnes Ć¢gĆ©es indĆ©pendantes Ć domicile et trois personnes Ć¢gĆ©es dĆ©pendantes et trois personnes Ć¢gĆ©es indĆ©pendantes dans un contexte institutionnel. L'analyse des rĆ©sultats des diagnostics a permis de conclure que les personnes Ć¢gĆ©es autonomes Ć domicile considĆ©raient l'institutionnalisation comme la derniĆØre rĆ©ponse Ć leurs besoins existentiels, car, selon elles, ce processus ne pouvait se justifier que si elles souffraient d'un handicap quelconque nuisant Ć leur bien-ĆŖtre. En revanche, concernant les personnes Ć¢gĆ©es dĆ©pendantes, dans les mĆŖmes conditions, l'idĆ©e d'une institutionnalisation n'est pas rejetĆ©e, car bien qu'elles bĆ©nĆ©ficient d'une aide importante de la part des aidants naturels pour accomplir les tĆ¢ches quotidiennes, les personnes Ć¢gĆ©es n'acceptent pas la surcharge qu'elles "imposent" Ć leurs aidants, se considĆ©rant comme "un fardeau". Ils considĆØrent donc l'institutionnalisation comme une solution possible Ć leur "problĆØme". En ce qui concerne les personnes Ć¢gĆ©es dĆ©pendantes et indĆ©pendantes dans les Ć©tablissements d'hĆ©bergement pour personnes Ć¢gĆ©es, deux raisons principales sont indiquĆ©es pour l'institutionnalisation: le manque de ressources sociales et la peur de tomber. Selon les rĆ©ponses obtenues lors des entretiens, il est perceptible que, bien que l'institutionnalisation prĆ©sente de nombreux points positifs, certains points nĆ©gatifs sont Ć©galement mis en Ć©vidence, comme le sĆ©dentarisme. Afin d'apporter des rĆ©ponses Ć certains problĆØmes diagnostiquĆ©s et d'amĆ©liorer, sous certains aspects, la qualitĆ© de vie des quatre groupes de personnes Ć¢gĆ©es Ć©tudiĆ©s, certaines activitĆ©s d'intervention ont Ć©tĆ© dĆ©veloppĆ©es, en fonction des besoins des personnes Ć¢gĆ©es.
This intervention project aims to study the perceptions that older people aged 80 years or more have about the institutionalisation process, and from there, to propose a set of interventions to facilitate this process. In order to acquire the results, a structured interview was used with a sample of twelve older people: three dependent and three independent older people at home and three dependent and three independent older people in an institutionalised context. After analysing the diagnostic results, it was concluded that the independent elderly at home saw institutionalisation as the last answer to their existential needs, as, according to them, this process could only be justified if they suffered from some disability that was harmful to their well-being. On the other hand, regarding dependent older people, in the same conditions, the idea of institutionalisation is not rejected, because although they have significant help from informal caregivers to perform daily tasks, older people do not accept the overload that they "impose" on their caregivers, considering themselves as "a burden". Thus, they look to institutionalisation as a possible solution to their "problem". With regard to dependent and independent elderly people in residential homes for the elderly, two main reasons are indicated for institutionalisation: the lack of social resources and the fear of falling. According to the answers obtained through the interviews, it is perceptible that, although institutionalisation presents many positive points, some negative points are also highlighted, such as sedentarism. As a way of providing answers to some problems diagnosed and improving, in some aspects, the quality of life of the four groups of older people under study, some intervention activities were developed according to the older people's needs.
Ce projet d'intervention vise Ć Ć©tudier les perceptions qu'ont les personnes Ć¢gĆ©es de 80 ans ou plus du processus d'institutionnalisation, et Ć partir de lĆ , proposer une esemble dĀ“interventions qui facilitent ce processu. Afin d'acquĆ©rir les rĆ©sultats, un entretien structurĆ© a Ć©tĆ© utilisĆ© avec un Ć©chantillon de douze personnes Ć¢gĆ©es: trois personnes Ć¢gĆ©es dĆ©pendantes et trois personnes Ć¢gĆ©es indĆ©pendantes Ć domicile et trois personnes Ć¢gĆ©es dĆ©pendantes et trois personnes Ć¢gĆ©es indĆ©pendantes dans un contexte institutionnel. L'analyse des rĆ©sultats des diagnostics a permis de conclure que les personnes Ć¢gĆ©es autonomes Ć domicile considĆ©raient l'institutionnalisation comme la derniĆØre rĆ©ponse Ć leurs besoins existentiels, car, selon elles, ce processus ne pouvait se justifier que si elles souffraient d'un handicap quelconque nuisant Ć leur bien-ĆŖtre. En revanche, concernant les personnes Ć¢gĆ©es dĆ©pendantes, dans les mĆŖmes conditions, l'idĆ©e d'une institutionnalisation n'est pas rejetĆ©e, car bien qu'elles bĆ©nĆ©ficient d'une aide importante de la part des aidants naturels pour accomplir les tĆ¢ches quotidiennes, les personnes Ć¢gĆ©es n'acceptent pas la surcharge qu'elles "imposent" Ć leurs aidants, se considĆ©rant comme "un fardeau". Ils considĆØrent donc l'institutionnalisation comme une solution possible Ć leur "problĆØme". En ce qui concerne les personnes Ć¢gĆ©es dĆ©pendantes et indĆ©pendantes dans les Ć©tablissements d'hĆ©bergement pour personnes Ć¢gĆ©es, deux raisons principales sont indiquĆ©es pour l'institutionnalisation: le manque de ressources sociales et la peur de tomber. Selon les rĆ©ponses obtenues lors des entretiens, il est perceptible que, bien que l'institutionnalisation prĆ©sente de nombreux points positifs, certains points nĆ©gatifs sont Ć©galement mis en Ć©vidence, comme le sĆ©dentarisme. Afin d'apporter des rĆ©ponses Ć certains problĆØmes diagnostiquĆ©s et d'amĆ©liorer, sous certains aspects, la qualitĆ© de vie des quatre groupes de personnes Ć¢gĆ©es Ć©tudiĆ©s, certaines activitĆ©s d'intervention ont Ć©tĆ© dĆ©veloppĆ©es, en fonction des besoins des personnes Ć¢gĆ©es.
Description
Keywords
Idosos DomicĆlio InstitucionalizaĆ§Ć£o Qualidade de vida Atividades de intervenĆ§Ć£o Elderly Home Institutionalisation Quality of life Intervention activities Personnes Ć¢gĆ©es Domicile Institutionnalisation QualitĆ© de vie ActivitĆ©s d'intervention