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Publication
A economia informal no Norte de África e a sua influência na segurança regional
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| 1.04 MB | Adobe PDF |
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
No norte de África cruzam-se dimensões sociais que complexificam o seu quotidiano.
A economia informal, sendo uma delas, atrai uma expressiva franja societária. A região
tem elevados índices de pobreza, derivados da injusta distribuição da riqueza, potenciados
pela pressão demográfica, agravada pela migração de quem foge ao terror e à fome. Ali
existe corrupção e atuam milícias, terroristas e crime organizado. Assim, o norte de África
encontra na economia informal “soluções” para os desafios sociais, colocando isso em dúvida
o papel do Estado, havendo quem tal aproveite para o substituir. Por isso tudo, o Estado
sente dificuldades em cumprir as suas funções, face à redução das contribuições legais, por
haver uma migração do trabalho formal para o informal, em reação aos descontentamentos
e ao descrédito do próprio Estado, levando-o a aumentar as tributações. Ora isso empurra o
cidadão para o trabalho informal, entrando-se num círculo vicioso. A economia informal é uma
determinante de si própria, que mina o Estado e gera insegurança no interior das fronteiras e
nas suas vizinhanças. A minimização dos efeitos da economia informal na segurança do norte
de África tem de contemplar medidas multidimensionais, envolvendo o Estado, o cidadão e a
ajuda de instituições específicas.
In North Africa there are social dimensions that complicate its quotidian. The informal economy, being one of them, attracts an expressive strip of society. The region has high poverty rates, derived from the unjust distribution of wealth, enhanced by demographic pressure, aggravated by the migration of those who intend to escape terror and hunger. There is corruption and there are militias, terrorists and organized crime. Thus, North Africa finds in the informal economy “solutions” to social challenges, putting this doubt on the role of the State, and there are people and institutions that use this to take the place of the State. For this, the State has difficulties in fulfilling its functions in the face of the reduction of legal contributions, because there is a migration from formal to informal work, in reaction to the discontent of people and discredit of the State, leading governments to increase taxation. Now this pushes the citizen into informal work, starting up a vicious circle. The informal economy is a determinant of itself, which undermines the State and creates insecurity within and adjacent to its borders. Minimizing the effects of the informal economy on the security of North Africa must contemplate multidimensional measures, involving the State, the citizen and the help from specific institutions.
In North Africa there are social dimensions that complicate its quotidian. The informal economy, being one of them, attracts an expressive strip of society. The region has high poverty rates, derived from the unjust distribution of wealth, enhanced by demographic pressure, aggravated by the migration of those who intend to escape terror and hunger. There is corruption and there are militias, terrorists and organized crime. Thus, North Africa finds in the informal economy “solutions” to social challenges, putting this doubt on the role of the State, and there are people and institutions that use this to take the place of the State. For this, the State has difficulties in fulfilling its functions in the face of the reduction of legal contributions, because there is a migration from formal to informal work, in reaction to the discontent of people and discredit of the State, leading governments to increase taxation. Now this pushes the citizen into informal work, starting up a vicious circle. The informal economy is a determinant of itself, which undermines the State and creates insecurity within and adjacent to its borders. Minimizing the effects of the informal economy on the security of North Africa must contemplate multidimensional measures, involving the State, the citizen and the help from specific institutions.
Description
Keywords
Geoeconomia Economia informal Trabalho informal Norte de África Segurança regional Geo-economy Informal economy Informal work North Africa Regional security