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O Desafio da Gengivoestomatite CrĂłnica Felina: Novas Abordagens TerapĂȘuticas
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A gengivoestomatite crónica felina (GCF) é uma doença inflamatória crónica de etiologia multifatorial
que afeta, especialmente, a cavidade oral caudal e a gengiva dos gatos. à uma doença dolorosa, que
leva a sinais clĂnicos tais como disorexia e halitose e que se caracteriza pelo aparecimento de lesĂ”es
inflamatĂłrias ulcerativas e proliferativas, tendo um impacto negativo na qualidade de vida do gato.
Atualmente a extração dentĂĄria total ou parcial Ă© considerada o âgold standardâ para o tratamento da
doença. Cerca de 30% dos animais são refratårios à cirurgia, pelo que frequentemente se opta por uma
abordagem mista, combinando o tratamento mĂ©dico com o tratamento cirĂșrgico. Os opiĂłides e
corticosteroides sĂŁo utilizados com frequĂȘncia devido aos seus efeitos analgĂ©sicos e anti-inflamatĂłrios,
respetivamente. No entanto, o uso prolongado de corticosteroides pode causar efeitos secundĂĄrios
graves como danos renais ou diabetes mellitus. A ciclosporina Ă© um imunossupressor que demonstra
eficåcia no tratamento da GCF, reduzindo a inflamação e melhorando os sintomas, contudo pode
causar distĂșrbios gastrointestinais e infeçÔes oportunistas como a toxoplasmose. Neste Ăąmbito, a
investigação sobre novas abordagens terapĂȘuticas Ă© essencial. Estas incluem o interferĂŁo-Ăłmega felino
recombinante, que demonstrou ser eficaz, especialmente em gatos refratĂĄrios e positivos para
calicivĂrus felino, pela sua capacidade de alterar a replicação viral. A sua administração Ă© bem tolerada
pelos gatos, diminuindo a dor e as lesĂ”es orais. Outra abordagem terapĂȘutica promissora sĂŁo as cĂ©lulas
estaminais mesenquimais, que possuem propriedades imunomoduladoras. Essas células podem
também promover a cicatrização das lesÔes orais causadas pela GCF, tendo, no entanto, algumas
limitaçÔes por ser um tratamento oneroso e de acesso mais difĂcil que outras opçÔes. Alternativas
como a utilização de probióticos e canabidiol estão também a ser investigadas. Probióticos como os
Lactobacillus spp., demonstram benefĂcios na saĂșde oral dos gatos ao reduzir as bactĂ©rias patogĂ©nicas,
promovendo um ambiente oral equilibrado. O canabidiol, com suas propriedades analgésicas e anti inflamatórias, também mostra resultados positivos na diminuição da dor e dos sinais da doença. A
nutrição, com a inclusão de alimentos secos e ómega-3 por exemplo, pode desempenhar um papel no
maneio da GCF.
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCG) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial etiology that particularly affects the caudal oral cavity and gums of cats. The disease is characterized by the presence of symptoms such as dysorexia and halitosis, as well as the presence of ulcerative and proliferative inflammatory lesions, which have a deleterious effect on the cat's quality of life. To this date total or partial extractions are considered the "gold standard" treatment for this disease. Around 30% of the affected cats are refractory to surgery and a mixed approach, combining medical and surgical treatments, is often the preferred treatment option. Opioids and corticosteroids are frequently used due to their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, respectively. Prolonged use of corticosteroids has been associated with a variety of adverse effects, including renal damage and diabetes mellitus. Cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant, has been shown to effectively treat FCGS by reducing inflammation and improving symptoms. However, its use is often limited due to gastrointestinal disorders and opportunistic infections, such as toxoplasmosis. In this context, research into new therapeutic options is essential. One such approach is the use of recombinant feline interferon omega, which has been shown to be particularly effective in refractory cats positive for feline calicivirus, due to its ability to modify viral replication. Its administration has been shown to be well tolerated by cats, with evidence suggesting that it can reduce pain and oral lesions. Another promising therapeutic approach are mesenchymal stromal cells, which have been shown to possess regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. The potential benefits of these cells include the reduction of inflammation caused by FCGS and the promotion of healing for oral lesions. However, the cost and accessibility of this treatment remain significant challenges. Concurrently, investigations are underway to explore the potential of probiotics and cannabidiol as therapeutic agents. Probiotics, such as Lactobacillus spp., have been demonstrated to enhance feline oral health by decreasing the prevalence of harmful bacteria and fostering a balanced oral ecosystem. Cannabidiol, a compound found in cannabis, has demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, leading to its potential application in the management of pain and disease symptoms. A incorporation of dry foods and omega-3 fatty acids, have been demonstrated to contribute to the management of FCGS.
Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCG) is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial etiology that particularly affects the caudal oral cavity and gums of cats. The disease is characterized by the presence of symptoms such as dysorexia and halitosis, as well as the presence of ulcerative and proliferative inflammatory lesions, which have a deleterious effect on the cat's quality of life. To this date total or partial extractions are considered the "gold standard" treatment for this disease. Around 30% of the affected cats are refractory to surgery and a mixed approach, combining medical and surgical treatments, is often the preferred treatment option. Opioids and corticosteroids are frequently used due to their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, respectively. Prolonged use of corticosteroids has been associated with a variety of adverse effects, including renal damage and diabetes mellitus. Cyclosporine, an immunosuppressant, has been shown to effectively treat FCGS by reducing inflammation and improving symptoms. However, its use is often limited due to gastrointestinal disorders and opportunistic infections, such as toxoplasmosis. In this context, research into new therapeutic options is essential. One such approach is the use of recombinant feline interferon omega, which has been shown to be particularly effective in refractory cats positive for feline calicivirus, due to its ability to modify viral replication. Its administration has been shown to be well tolerated by cats, with evidence suggesting that it can reduce pain and oral lesions. Another promising therapeutic approach are mesenchymal stromal cells, which have been shown to possess regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. The potential benefits of these cells include the reduction of inflammation caused by FCGS and the promotion of healing for oral lesions. However, the cost and accessibility of this treatment remain significant challenges. Concurrently, investigations are underway to explore the potential of probiotics and cannabidiol as therapeutic agents. Probiotics, such as Lactobacillus spp., have been demonstrated to enhance feline oral health by decreasing the prevalence of harmful bacteria and fostering a balanced oral ecosystem. Cannabidiol, a compound found in cannabis, has demonstrated analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties, leading to its potential application in the management of pain and disease symptoms. A incorporation of dry foods and omega-3 fatty acids, have been demonstrated to contribute to the management of FCGS.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cavidade oral Células estaminais mesenquimais Gengivoestomatite crónica felina Imunossupressor Inflamação Probióticos Tratamentos Oral cavity Mesenchymal stem cells Feline chronic gingivostomatitis Immunosuppressant Inflammation Probiotics Treatments