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O combate à pirataria marítima no Golfo da Guiné: aplicação de medidas implementadas no Corno de África
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| 2.12 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
A pirataria marítima ganhou relevância nos últimos anos do século passado em diferentes
regiões do globo. O século XXI assistiu a um recrudescimento do fenómeno no Corno de
África, guindando-o à posição de principal hotspot entre 2008 e 2011, com cerca de 75% dos
incidentes registados globalmente. O empenhamento do instrumento militar em operações de
segurança marítima permitiu controlar a pirataria naquela região a partir de 2013. Em 2014 não
foi concretizado qualquer ataque e assistiu-se, depois disso, à estabilização do fenómeno em
níveis residuais. Nos anos mais recentes, o Golfo da Guiné tem vindo a assumir-se como um dos
mais relevantes (e perigosos) hotspots da pirataria mundial. Todavia, a resposta da comunidade
internacional tem ficado aquém do que seria expectável (e desejável). Os resultados mostram
que o fenómeno está longe de ficar controlado. O presente estudo avalia, a partir da utilização
do método prospetivo Delphi, se (e de que forma) pode o modelo de emprego do instrumento
militar na região do Corno de África no combate à pirataria marítima ser aplicado no Golfo da
Guiné. As conclusões evidenciam que algumas das medidas implementadas no Corno de África
podem, de facto, ter aplicação no Golfo da Guiné.
In the last years of the 20th century, maritime piracy became a relevant problem in several regions of the globe. In the 21st century, there was an upsurge in pirate attacks off the Horn of Africa. The region became the main piracy hotspot between 2008 and 2011, accounting for about 75% of the incidents recorded worldwide. By committing military forces to maritime security operations, pirate activity in the region has been kept in check since 2013. No attacks were recorded in 2014, and the phenomenon has stabilised at residual levels since then. In recent years, the Gulf of Guinea emerged as one of the most relevant (and dangerous) global piracy hotspots. However, the response of the international community has fallen short of what was expected (and desirable). As the findings show, the phenomenon is far from being controlled. The study uses the Delphi method of forecasting to ascertain if (and how) the model used to combat maritime piracy in the Horn of Africa through military means can be implemented in the Gulf of Guinea. The findings show that some of the measures implemented in the Horn of Africa can, in fact, be implemented in the Gulf of Guinea.
In the last years of the 20th century, maritime piracy became a relevant problem in several regions of the globe. In the 21st century, there was an upsurge in pirate attacks off the Horn of Africa. The region became the main piracy hotspot between 2008 and 2011, accounting for about 75% of the incidents recorded worldwide. By committing military forces to maritime security operations, pirate activity in the region has been kept in check since 2013. No attacks were recorded in 2014, and the phenomenon has stabilised at residual levels since then. In recent years, the Gulf of Guinea emerged as one of the most relevant (and dangerous) global piracy hotspots. However, the response of the international community has fallen short of what was expected (and desirable). As the findings show, the phenomenon is far from being controlled. The study uses the Delphi method of forecasting to ascertain if (and how) the model used to combat maritime piracy in the Horn of Africa through military means can be implemented in the Gulf of Guinea. The findings show that some of the measures implemented in the Horn of Africa can, in fact, be implemented in the Gulf of Guinea.
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Keywords
Pirataria marítima Corno de África Golfo da Guiné Instrumento militar Maritime piracy Horn of Africa Gulf of Guinea Military forces