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Síndrome parética em gaivotas (Laridae): Qual é a etiologia?
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A síndrome parética, de etiologia desconhecida, é uma das principais causas de admissão nos centros de recuperação de fauna selvagem em Portugal e afeta principalmente aves marinhas, como as gaivotas.
Entre outros, a intoxicação por biotoxinas marinhas paralisantes (PSP- Paralytic Shelfish Poisoning), nomeadamente a saxitoxina (STX), tem sido equacionada como um dos principais diagnósticos diferenciais, por desenvolver um quadro clínico compatível com esta síndrome.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a exposição de duas espécies de gaivotas à STX e correlacionar com a severidade da síndrome apresentada por estas espécies. Para esta finalidade, determinou-se as concentrações de saxitoxina, através de um ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA), em amostras de fígado (n=23) das espécies de gaivota Larus fuscus (n = 17) e Larus michahellis (n = 6) admitidas ao Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Marinhos – CRAM / Ecomare entre agosto de 2019 e abril de 2021. Estes animais apresentavam um quadro clínico compatível com a síndrome parética.
Das 23 amostras analisadas, 3 apresentaram concentrações de STX entre 11,1ng/mL e 17,2 ng/mL, com uma frequência de 16% nos animais com suspeita de intoxicação por biotoxinas. Nas restantes amostras os valores de concentração de saxitoxina encontravam-se abaixo do LOQ.
Atendendo à problemática das biotoxinas na saúde humana e animal e tendo em conta os resultados preliminares obtidos neste estudo, reforça a importância da realização de estudos de biomonitorização da STX utilizando as gaivotas como biomonitores (animais no topo da cadeia alimentar e com uma ampla distribuição geográfica). A continuidade da realização destes estudos também se verifica importante para melhorar o conhecimento sobre a etiologia da síndrome parética que afeta estes animais.
The paretic syndrome, of unknown etiology, is one of the main causes of admission to wildlife rescue centres in Portugal and it mainly affects seabirds such as seagulls. Among others, intoxication by paralytic marine biotoxins (PSP - Paralytic Shelfish Poisoning), namely saxitoxin (STX), has been considered as one of the main differential diagnoses, as it develops a clinical picture compatible with this syndrome. The present study aimed to determine the exposure of two species of gulls to STX and to correlate with the severity of the syndrome presented by these species. For this purpose, saxitoxin concentrations were determined by an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) in liver samples (n = 23) of the species Larus fuscus (n = 17) and Larus michahellis (n = 6) that were admitted to the Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Marinhos - CRAM / Ecomare, between August 2019 and April 2021. Of the 23 samples analyzed, 3 presented saxitoxin values between 11.1 and 17.2 ng/mL, with a frequency of 16% of the animals with suspected saxitoxin poisoning. In the remaining samples, the saxitoxin concentration values were below the LOQ. Based on these preliminary results, and given the problem of biotoxins in human and animal health, it reinforces the importance of conducting STX biomonitoring studies using seagulls as biomonitors (animals at the top of the food chain and with a wide geographic distribution). The continuity of these studies is also important to improve knowledge about the etiology of the paretic syndrome that affects these animals.
The paretic syndrome, of unknown etiology, is one of the main causes of admission to wildlife rescue centres in Portugal and it mainly affects seabirds such as seagulls. Among others, intoxication by paralytic marine biotoxins (PSP - Paralytic Shelfish Poisoning), namely saxitoxin (STX), has been considered as one of the main differential diagnoses, as it develops a clinical picture compatible with this syndrome. The present study aimed to determine the exposure of two species of gulls to STX and to correlate with the severity of the syndrome presented by these species. For this purpose, saxitoxin concentrations were determined by an enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) in liver samples (n = 23) of the species Larus fuscus (n = 17) and Larus michahellis (n = 6) that were admitted to the Centro de Reabilitação de Animais Marinhos - CRAM / Ecomare, between August 2019 and April 2021. Of the 23 samples analyzed, 3 presented saxitoxin values between 11.1 and 17.2 ng/mL, with a frequency of 16% of the animals with suspected saxitoxin poisoning. In the remaining samples, the saxitoxin concentration values were below the LOQ. Based on these preliminary results, and given the problem of biotoxins in human and animal health, it reinforces the importance of conducting STX biomonitoring studies using seagulls as biomonitors (animals at the top of the food chain and with a wide geographic distribution). The continuity of these studies is also important to improve knowledge about the etiology of the paretic syndrome that affects these animals.
Description
Keywords
Aves marinhas Biomonitorização Biotoxina ELISA Gaivota Laridae Reabilitação Saxitoxina Selvagem Toxinas paralisantes Biomonitoring Biotoxin ELISA Gulls Laridae Paralytic shellfish toxins Rehabilitation Saxitoxin Sea birds Wildlife