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Tradução e validação para a população portuguesa da short version of the Nurse Professional Competence Scale
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Abstract(s)
As descrições de competências são valiosas na manutenção de uma força de trabalho de Enfermagem altamente qualificada e podem ser usadas para avaliar os níveis de competência de um Enfermeiro ao iniciar uma nova posição e como uma ferramenta para avaliação contínua de competência de modo a direcionar a necessidade de desenvolvimento de competências adicionais. A Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) exige que todos os países membro reportem e implementem os seus planos para fortalecer os Enfermeiros e equipá-los com competência profissional (Karami, A., Farokhzadian, J., & Foroughameri, G., 2017). Os Enfermeiros gestores podem ser o motor para promover e fomentar o desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional da sua equipa. Verificou-se que não existe no contexto português, na literatura recente, uma escala que permita avaliar a Competência Profissional dos Enfermeiros, pondo em questão se estamos a colocar em prática as diretrizes da OMS e consequentemente a melhorar os cuidados prestados aos clientes. Existe, na Europa, mais precisamente na Suécia, um instrumento de medida que já foi traduzido e validado para inglês, denominado Short version of the Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) Scale. Posto isto, o objetivo da presente dissertação é adaptar culturalmente e linguisticamente a versão resumida da escala NPC, dando origem à versão portuguesa da mesma. Para tal, recorrendo a um estudo do tipo quantitativo, observacional e descritivo-transversal, o instrumento foi validado com um total de 170 enfermeiros pertencentes a uma instituição hospitalar. A sua aplicação ocorreu entre os meses de maio 2022 e dezembro 2022. Maioritariamente a amostra pertence ao sexo feminino (91,8%) e apresenta um intervalo de idades entre os 22 e 62 anos, com uma média de idade de 30.76 anos. Para validação do questionário foi solicitada autorização aos autores da escala NPC original, bem como ao Conselho de Administração e Comissão de Ética da instituição envolvida. A fiabilidade foi garantida através da determinação da consistência interna, tendo sido testada através do Alfa de Cronbach onde se obteve 0,969, com a exclusão de 3 itens da escala original. A validade de conteúdo foi garantida pela realização do teste de compreensão e a validade de construto através da análise fatorial, cuja análise de componentes principais deu origem a uma matriz constituída pelos mesmos seis fatores: Cuidado de Enfermagem (VEM: 0.215, Fiabilidade 0.556); Cuidados de Enfermagem baseado em valores (VEM: 0,185, Fiabilidade 0.520); Cuidados Médicos e Técnicos (VEM: 0,216, Fiabilidade 0.556); Pedagogia do Cuidado (VEM: 0.169, Fiabilidade 0.488); Documentação e Administração do Cuidado de Enfermagem (VEM: 0.352, Fiabilidade 0.723); e Desenvolvimento, Liderança e Organização do Cuidado de Enfermagem (VEM: 0.09, Fiabilidade 0.326) mas com estrutura díspar. Pelos valores finais baixos de Validade convergente e Fiabilidade da escala NPC em português, esta revelou não ser um instrumento adequado para ser aplicado no contexto cultural português, através das suas características psicométricas.
Competency descriptions are valuable in maintaining a highly skilled Nursing workforce and can be used to assess a Nurse's competency levels when starting a new position and as a tool for ongoing competency assessment in order to address the need for further competency development. The World Health Organization (WHO) requires all member countries to report and implement their plans to strengthen nurses and equip them with professional competence (Karami, A., Farokhzadian, J., & Foroughameri, G., 2017). Nurse managers can be the engine to promote and encourage the personal and professional development of their team. It was found that in the Portuguese context, in recent literature, there is no scale that allows assessing the Professional Competence of Nurses, calling into question whether we are putting WHO guidelines into practice and consequently improving the care provided to clients. In Europe, more precisely in Sweden, there is a measurement instrument that has already been translated and validated into English, called the Short version of the Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) Scale. That said, the aim of this dissertation is to culturally and linguistically adapt the summarized version of the NPC scale, giving rise to its Portuguese version. To this end, using a quantitative, observational and descriptive-cross-sectional study, the instrument was validated with 170 nurses belonging to a hospital instituition. Its application took place between the months of may 2022 and december 2022. The sample is mostly female (91,8%) and presents an age range between 22 and 62 years old with an average of 30,76 years. For validation of the questionnaire, authorization was requested from the authors of the original NPC scale, as well as from the Director Nurse and Ethics Committee of the institution involved. Reliability was guaranteed by determining the internal consistency, having been tested using Cronbach's Alpha, which obtained 0.969 excluding 3 items of the original scale. Content validity was guaranteed by carrying out the comprehension test and construct validity through factor analysis, whose principal component analysis gave rise to a matrix consisting of the same six factors: Nursing Care; Based Nursing Care; Medical and Technical Care; Care Pedagogics; Documentation and Administration of Nursing Care and Development, Leadership and Organization of Nursing Care, but with different structure. Due to the final and low values of Convergent Validity and Reliability of the NPC scale in Portuguese, it did not prove to be an adequate instrument to be applied in the Portuguese cultural context, due to its psychometric characteristics.
Competency descriptions are valuable in maintaining a highly skilled Nursing workforce and can be used to assess a Nurse's competency levels when starting a new position and as a tool for ongoing competency assessment in order to address the need for further competency development. The World Health Organization (WHO) requires all member countries to report and implement their plans to strengthen nurses and equip them with professional competence (Karami, A., Farokhzadian, J., & Foroughameri, G., 2017). Nurse managers can be the engine to promote and encourage the personal and professional development of their team. It was found that in the Portuguese context, in recent literature, there is no scale that allows assessing the Professional Competence of Nurses, calling into question whether we are putting WHO guidelines into practice and consequently improving the care provided to clients. In Europe, more precisely in Sweden, there is a measurement instrument that has already been translated and validated into English, called the Short version of the Nurse Professional Competence (NPC) Scale. That said, the aim of this dissertation is to culturally and linguistically adapt the summarized version of the NPC scale, giving rise to its Portuguese version. To this end, using a quantitative, observational and descriptive-cross-sectional study, the instrument was validated with 170 nurses belonging to a hospital instituition. Its application took place between the months of may 2022 and december 2022. The sample is mostly female (91,8%) and presents an age range between 22 and 62 years old with an average of 30,76 years. For validation of the questionnaire, authorization was requested from the authors of the original NPC scale, as well as from the Director Nurse and Ethics Committee of the institution involved. Reliability was guaranteed by determining the internal consistency, having been tested using Cronbach's Alpha, which obtained 0.969 excluding 3 items of the original scale. Content validity was guaranteed by carrying out the comprehension test and construct validity through factor analysis, whose principal component analysis gave rise to a matrix consisting of the same six factors: Nursing Care; Based Nursing Care; Medical and Technical Care; Care Pedagogics; Documentation and Administration of Nursing Care and Development, Leadership and Organization of Nursing Care, but with different structure. Due to the final and low values of Convergent Validity and Reliability of the NPC scale in Portuguese, it did not prove to be an adequate instrument to be applied in the Portuguese cultural context, due to its psychometric characteristics.
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Keywords
Administração em enfermagem Enfermeiros Competência profissional