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Síndrome de Asperger em pacientes pediátricos : abordagem de atendimento e necessidade de personalização
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A perturbação do espectro autista (PEA) constitui um grupo de alterações no desenvolvimento neurológico que inclui vários transtornos generalizados, como a síndrome de Asperger. Esta se carateriza por: uma acentuada perturbação social, dificuldades de comunicação, défices na capacidade de interação e comportamentos e interesses repetitivos. No entanto, não estão presentes atrasos significativos, quer a nível da linguagem quer a nível cognitivo. Estes pacientes têm interesses específicos que ocupam totalmente o foco da sua atenção e tendência a falar em monólogo, assim como apresentam descoordenação motora.
Devido às características comportamentais e psicológicas, o paciente com Síndrome de Asperger exige ao médico dentista o conhecimento e adaptação das técnicas de gestão do comportamento à sua condição clínica. A manutenção de uma boa saúde oral gera equilíbrio nestes pacientes, uma vez que um episódio de dor poderia provocar alterações indesejáveis no seu comportamento. Por essa razão é de vital importância que os pacientes com este tipo de perturbação mantenham bons hábitos de higiene oral.
A Síndrome de Asperger gera incertezas entre os médicos dentistas, principalmente em função das alterações comportamentais, existem estratégias para reduzir a ansiedade, tais como a comunicação verbal e não verbal, o reforço positivo social (sob a técnica do dizer, mostrar e fazer) e a motivação do responsável pelo paciente no ambiente familiar. O médico dentista deve estar ciente das dificuldades que pode enfrentar com um indivíduo com PEA, e ter estratégias para ajudar a melhorar as experiências odontológicas desses indivíduos.
O trabalho será uma revisão da literatura cuja pesquisa será efetuada nas bases de dados Pubmed, Google Scholar, Mendeley Search e Scielo. Os termos que serão utilizados para a consulta são: Etiologia da Síndrome de Asperger, Síndrome de Asperger em medicina dentária.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompasses a group of neurological developmental disorders, including several pervasive disorders such as Asperger syndrome. This condition is characterized by a pronounced social impairment, communication difficulties, deficits in the ability to interact, and repetitive behaviors and interests. However, significant delays are not present, either in terms of language or cognitive abilities. These patients have specific and intense interests that fully occupy their attention and tend to speak in monologues, as well as display motor incoordination. Due to the behavioral and psychological characteristics, patients with Asperger syndrome require the dentist to have knowledge and adaptability in applying behavior management techniques suited to their clinical condition. Maintaining good oral health brings balance to these patients, as an episode of pain could provoke undesirable changes in their behavior. For this reason, it is of vital importance that patients with this type of disorder maintain good oral hygiene habits. Asperger syndrome generates uncertainties among dentists, mainly due to behavioral changes, and there are strategies to reduce anxiety, such as verbal and non-verbal communication, positive social reinforcement (under the tell, show, do technique), and the motivation of the patient’s caregiver in the family environment. The dentist must be aware of the difficulties that may arise when treating individuals with ASD and have strategies to help improve the dental experience for these individuals. The work will be a literature review, with research conducted in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Mendeley Search, and Scielo. The terms that will be used for the search are: Etiology of Asperger Syndrome, Asperger Syndrome in dental medicine.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) encompasses a group of neurological developmental disorders, including several pervasive disorders such as Asperger syndrome. This condition is characterized by a pronounced social impairment, communication difficulties, deficits in the ability to interact, and repetitive behaviors and interests. However, significant delays are not present, either in terms of language or cognitive abilities. These patients have specific and intense interests that fully occupy their attention and tend to speak in monologues, as well as display motor incoordination. Due to the behavioral and psychological characteristics, patients with Asperger syndrome require the dentist to have knowledge and adaptability in applying behavior management techniques suited to their clinical condition. Maintaining good oral health brings balance to these patients, as an episode of pain could provoke undesirable changes in their behavior. For this reason, it is of vital importance that patients with this type of disorder maintain good oral hygiene habits. Asperger syndrome generates uncertainties among dentists, mainly due to behavioral changes, and there are strategies to reduce anxiety, such as verbal and non-verbal communication, positive social reinforcement (under the tell, show, do technique), and the motivation of the patient’s caregiver in the family environment. The dentist must be aware of the difficulties that may arise when treating individuals with ASD and have strategies to help improve the dental experience for these individuals. The work will be a literature review, with research conducted in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Mendeley Search, and Scielo. The terms that will be used for the search are: Etiology of Asperger Syndrome, Asperger Syndrome in dental medicine.
Descrição
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz
Palavras-chave
Austismo Asperger Odontopediatria