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Controlo de nematodes parasitas gastrointestinais de ruminantes
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Abstract(s)
Os principais ruminantes domésticos, bovinos, ovinos e caprinos, representam uma fonte essencial de
proteínas na alimentação humana através da sua carne e leite. Exceto na Antártica e no Ártico, todos
os continentes possuem uma agro-pecuária intensiva e desenvolvida em que parasitismo representa
um dos obstáculos mais importantes. Os nematodes gastrointestinais estão presentes em todos os
climas onde os ruminantes vivem e provocam perdas económicas importantes através da diminuição
de produção de carne e de leite a nível mundial. Os anti-helmínticos aplicados aos animais há oito
décadas permitiram controlar as infeções por nematodes gastrointestinais, mas o uso repetido e
descontrolado favoreceu o desenvolvimento de resistências nas populações parasitárias. De tal
maneira, os nematodes resistentes diminuem a saúde e o bem-estar dos animais e aumentam as
perdas financeiras para os produtores. Portanto, encontrar alternativas aos anti-helmínticos e soluções
para reduzir tanto o desenvolvimento como o impacto das resistências foi e será o objetivo dos
parasitologistas e médicos veterinários. Tendo isto em consideração e perante um tema tão atual e
desafiante, o objetivo do presente estudo é realizar uma revisão bibliográfica dos efeitos dos principais
nematodes gastrointestinais em ruminantes, dos métodos de controlo e das resistências atualmente
reportadas.
The main domestic ruminants, cattle, sheep and goats, represent an essential source of protein in human food through the meat and milk. Except in Antarctica and the Arctic, all continents have a developed and intensive livestock farming in which the parasitism represents one of the most important obstacles to livestock production. Gastrointestinal nematodes are present in all climates where ruminants live and cause significant economic losses through reduced meat and milk production worldwide. Anthelmintics applied to animals for eight decades have been able to control gastrointestinal nematode infections, but repeated and uncontrolled use has favoured the development of resistance in parasite populations. Thus, resistant nematodes decrease the health and welfare of animals and increase financial losses for producers. Therefore, finding alternatives to anthelmintics and solutions to reduce both the development and impact of resistance has been and will be the goal of parasitologists and veterinarians.taking this into consideration and facing such a current and challenging issue, the aim of the present study is to perform a review of the effects of the main gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants, the control methods and the resistances currently reported.
The main domestic ruminants, cattle, sheep and goats, represent an essential source of protein in human food through the meat and milk. Except in Antarctica and the Arctic, all continents have a developed and intensive livestock farming in which the parasitism represents one of the most important obstacles to livestock production. Gastrointestinal nematodes are present in all climates where ruminants live and cause significant economic losses through reduced meat and milk production worldwide. Anthelmintics applied to animals for eight decades have been able to control gastrointestinal nematode infections, but repeated and uncontrolled use has favoured the development of resistance in parasite populations. Thus, resistant nematodes decrease the health and welfare of animals and increase financial losses for producers. Therefore, finding alternatives to anthelmintics and solutions to reduce both the development and impact of resistance has been and will be the goal of parasitologists and veterinarians.taking this into consideration and facing such a current and challenging issue, the aim of the present study is to perform a review of the effects of the main gastrointestinal nematodes in ruminants, the control methods and the resistances currently reported.
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Keywords
Estratégias de controlo Nematodes gastrointestinais Resistências Ruminantes Control strategies Gastrointestinal nematodes Resistances Ruminants