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Autoeficácia para amamentar no regresso a casa: Um estudo prospetivo longitudinal
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Resumo(s)
Introdução: Tornar-se mãe é um processo complexo que exige preparação e adaptação, uma vez que
a mulher se confronta com a aquisição de uma nova iden9dade e com o desenvolvimento de
competências parentais. Entre estas, a amamentação assume par9cular relevância pelos beneRcios
que proporciona à mãe e ao recém-nascido. No âmbito das competências do Enfermeiro Especialista
em Saúde Materna e Obstétrica (EE-ESMO) destaca-se a promoção, o apoio e o suporte à
amamentação como forma de facilitar este processo. A evidência cien]fica tem demonstrado que a
autoeficácia na amamentação, definida como a confiança da mulher na sua capacidade para
amamentar, é um dos principais preditores para o início e manutenção da amamentação exclusiva.
Metodologia: Estudo de natureza quan9ta9va e prospe9va, teve como obje9vo analisar a autoeficácia
para amamentar no regresso a casa, em mulheres que amamentam de forma exclusiva durante o
primeiro mês após a alta hospitalar. A recolha de dados consis9u na aplicação de um formulário com
base em variáveis sociodemográficas, experiência de parto, experiência prévia de amamentação,
procura de informação durante a gravidez e experiência atual de amamentação, aplicado no momento
da alta hospitalar (M1) e da Breas&eeding Self-Efficacy Scale – Short Form (BSES-SF) aplicada em três
momentos: alta hospitalar (M1), aos 15 dias (M2) e aos 30 dias após a alta (M3). Os resultados ob9dos
foram analisados através do sofware IBM SPSS recorrendo ao modelo linear misto.
Resultados: Da análise emergiu uma relação, esta9s9camente significa9va, de variáveis como: a
obtenção de informação sobre a amamentação através de pessoas com experiência prévia em
amamentar, o início espontâneo do trabalho de parto e a perceção do apoio por parte dos enfermeiros
como “muito adequado” com maiores níveis de autoeficácia. Embora sem significância esta]s9ca,
constatou-se uma tendência no aumento da autoeficácia para amamentar em mulheres com
experiência prévia em amamentar (principalmente em M1), que 9veram um parto eutócico, que
realizaram contacto pele com pele e que amamentaram na primeira hora de vida do recém-nascido. O
menor score ob9do da BSES-SF foi em M1, tendo as afirmações da escala referentes ao domínio técnico
menor avaliação, passando em M2 e M3 a serem as afirmações referentes ao domínio dos
pensamentos intrapessoais.
Conclusão: A intervenções do EE-ESMO no período pré-natal, trabalho de parto, parto e pós-parto, têm
impacto na promoção da autoeficácia em amamentar e, por conseguinte, no sucesso da amamentação.
Introduc?on: Becoming a mother is a complex process that requires prepara9on and adapta9on, as women are confronted with the acquisi9on of a new iden9ty and the development of paren9ng competencies. Among these, breasleeding assumes par9cular relevance due to the benefits it provides to both the mother and the newborn. Within the scope of the competencies of the Midwife, the promo9on, support, and encouragement of breasleeding stand out as a way to facilitate this process. Scien9fic evidence has shown that breasleeding self-efficacy, defined as a woman’s confidence in her ability to breasleed, is one of the main predictors of the ini9a9on and maintenance of exclusive breasleeding. Methodology: This was a quantitative, prospective study aimed at analysing breastfeeding selfefficacy at the time of discharge home in women who exclusively breastfed during the first month after hospital discharge. Data collection consisted of the application of a questionnaire based on sociodemographic variables, birth experience, previous breastfeeding experience, informationseeking during pregnancy, and current breastfeeding experience, administered at hospital discharge (M1), as well as the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale – Short Form (BSES-SF), applied at three time points: hospital discharge (M1), 15 days after discharge (M2), and 30 days after discharge (M3). The results were analysed using IBM SPSS software, applying a linear mixed model. Results: The analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between higher levels of selfefficacy and variables such as obtaining breastfeeding information from individuals with prior breastfeeding experience, spontaneous onset of labour, and perceiving nurses’ support as “very adequate.” Although not statistically significant, a trend towards increased breastfeeding self-efficacy was observed in women with previous breastfeeding experience (particularly at M1), those who had a eutocic birth, those who experienced skin-to-skin contact, and those who breastfed within the first hour of the newborn’s life. The lowest BSES-SF score was observed at M1, with lower ratings for scale items related to the technical domain, whereas at M2 and M3 the lower ratings shifted to items related to the intrapersonal thoughts domain. Conclusion: Midwifery interven9ons provided during the prenatal period, labour, birth, and the postpartum period are associated with the promo9on of breasleeding self-efficacy and, consequently, with breasleeding success.
Introduc?on: Becoming a mother is a complex process that requires prepara9on and adapta9on, as women are confronted with the acquisi9on of a new iden9ty and the development of paren9ng competencies. Among these, breasleeding assumes par9cular relevance due to the benefits it provides to both the mother and the newborn. Within the scope of the competencies of the Midwife, the promo9on, support, and encouragement of breasleeding stand out as a way to facilitate this process. Scien9fic evidence has shown that breasleeding self-efficacy, defined as a woman’s confidence in her ability to breasleed, is one of the main predictors of the ini9a9on and maintenance of exclusive breasleeding. Methodology: This was a quantitative, prospective study aimed at analysing breastfeeding selfefficacy at the time of discharge home in women who exclusively breastfed during the first month after hospital discharge. Data collection consisted of the application of a questionnaire based on sociodemographic variables, birth experience, previous breastfeeding experience, informationseeking during pregnancy, and current breastfeeding experience, administered at hospital discharge (M1), as well as the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale – Short Form (BSES-SF), applied at three time points: hospital discharge (M1), 15 days after discharge (M2), and 30 days after discharge (M3). The results were analysed using IBM SPSS software, applying a linear mixed model. Results: The analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between higher levels of selfefficacy and variables such as obtaining breastfeeding information from individuals with prior breastfeeding experience, spontaneous onset of labour, and perceiving nurses’ support as “very adequate.” Although not statistically significant, a trend towards increased breastfeeding self-efficacy was observed in women with previous breastfeeding experience (particularly at M1), those who had a eutocic birth, those who experienced skin-to-skin contact, and those who breastfed within the first hour of the newborn’s life. The lowest BSES-SF score was observed at M1, with lower ratings for scale items related to the technical domain, whereas at M2 and M3 the lower ratings shifted to items related to the intrapersonal thoughts domain. Conclusion: Midwifery interven9ons provided during the prenatal period, labour, birth, and the postpartum period are associated with the promo9on of breasleeding self-efficacy and, consequently, with breasleeding success.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Amamentação Puerpério Autoeficácia para amamentar