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Associação da Dieta como Fator Predisponente para a Cardiomiopatia Dilatada em Cães
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Abstract(s)
Em 2018, a Food and Drug Administration relatou casos de cardiomiopatia dilatada (CMD) em cães
alimentados com rações contendo uma alta proporção de leguminosas ou batatas, muitas delas
rotuladas como sem cereais. Desde então, vários outros casos foram registados, incluindo raças sem
predisposição genética conhecida para a CMD. Apesar destes relatos, as dietas sem cereais continuam
a ser cada vez mais populares, o que tem impulsionado novas pesquisas para esclarecer a relação entre
este tipo de alimentação e a doença. Este documento revê os estudos mais recentes que investigam
os efeitos das dietas sem cereais na saúde cardíaca dos cães, abordando também a deficiência de
taurina, estudos metabólicos e novas hipóteses para além da carência nutricional, que podem ajudar
a explicar os mecanismos envolvidos. Além disso, são discutidas as implicações clínicas e dietéticas
dessa questão. Os achados sugerem uma forte associação entre a nutrição e o desenvolvimento da
CMD, especialmente no que diz respeito ao impacto das leguminosas. Cães aparentemente saudáveis,
de diversas raças incluindo aquelas predispostas à CMD primária, que consomem dietas não
tradicionais, sem cereais e ricas em leguminosas, apresentam maior diâmetro ventricular esquerdo,
menor função sistólica e maior ocorrência de complexos ventriculares prematuros em comparação aos
cães alimentados com dietas tradicionais, com baixo teor de leguminosas. Notavelmente, muitos
desses cães demonstram melhoria na função miocárdica e no quadro clínico após a mudança da dieta
e tratamento médico, sugerindo que a CMD nutricional pode ser uma condição tratável. Embora os
mecanismos exatos da doença ainda não estejam totalmente esclarecidos, avanços recentes destacam
o papel das leguminosas, especialmente as ervilhas, assim como do potencial papel da microbiota
intestinal e da possível influência das fibras solúveis e insolúveis na produção de ácidos biliares. Essas
descobertas apontam novas direções para pesquisas futuras. Além disso, esta revisão reforça que a
CMD associada à deficiência de taurina parece ser uma forma distinta da doença, com algumas raças
apresentando maior predisposição genética, sendo o Golden Retriever a mais afetada nos últimos
anos. Esta análise salienta que a nutrição tem um papel essencial na saúde cardíaca canina e que mais
estudos são necessários para esclarecer os mecanismos exatos da CMD nutricional. A adoção de
práticas alimentares cuidadosas e baseadas em evidências é crucial para prevenir e tratar a doença,
garantindo o bem-estar dos cães a longo prazo.
In 2018, the Food and Drug Administration reported cases of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs fed diets containing a high proportion of legumes or potatoes, many of them labelled as grain-free. Since then, several other cases have been recorded, including breeds with no known genetic predisposition to DCM. Despite these reports, grain-free diets continue to be increasingly popular, which has prompted new research to clarify the relationship between this type of diet and the disease. This document reviews the most recent studies investigating the effects of grain-free diets on cardiac health in dogs, also addressing taurine deficiency, metabolic studies and new hypotheses beyond nutritional deficiency that may help explain the mechanisms involved. In addition, the clinical and dietary implications of this issue are discussed. The findings suggest a strong association between nutrition and the development of DCM, especially with regard to the impact of legumes. Apparently healthy dogs of various breeds, including those predisposed to primary DCM, that consume non traditional, grain-free, legume-rich diets have a larger left ventricular diameter, lower systolic function and a higher occurrence of premature ventricular complexes compared to dogs fed traditional, low-legume diets. Notably, many of these dogs show improvement in myocardial function and clinical condition after dietary change and medical treatment, suggesting that nutritional DCM may be a treatable condition. Although the exact mechanisms of the disease are not yet fully understood, recent advances highlight the role of legumes, especially peas, as well as the potential role of the intestinal microbiota and the possible influence of soluble and insoluble fibres on the production of bile acids. These findings point to new directions for future research. In addition, the review reinforces that DCM associated with taurine deficiency appears to be a distinct form of the disease, with some breeds showing a greater genetic predisposition, the Golden Retriever being the most affected in recent years. This analysis emphasisesthat nutrition plays an essentialrole in canine cardiac health and thatmore studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms of nutritional DCM. Adopting careful, evidence-based dietary practices is crucial to preventing and treating the disease, ensuring the well-being of dogs.
In 2018, the Food and Drug Administration reported cases of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in dogs fed diets containing a high proportion of legumes or potatoes, many of them labelled as grain-free. Since then, several other cases have been recorded, including breeds with no known genetic predisposition to DCM. Despite these reports, grain-free diets continue to be increasingly popular, which has prompted new research to clarify the relationship between this type of diet and the disease. This document reviews the most recent studies investigating the effects of grain-free diets on cardiac health in dogs, also addressing taurine deficiency, metabolic studies and new hypotheses beyond nutritional deficiency that may help explain the mechanisms involved. In addition, the clinical and dietary implications of this issue are discussed. The findings suggest a strong association between nutrition and the development of DCM, especially with regard to the impact of legumes. Apparently healthy dogs of various breeds, including those predisposed to primary DCM, that consume non traditional, grain-free, legume-rich diets have a larger left ventricular diameter, lower systolic function and a higher occurrence of premature ventricular complexes compared to dogs fed traditional, low-legume diets. Notably, many of these dogs show improvement in myocardial function and clinical condition after dietary change and medical treatment, suggesting that nutritional DCM may be a treatable condition. Although the exact mechanisms of the disease are not yet fully understood, recent advances highlight the role of legumes, especially peas, as well as the potential role of the intestinal microbiota and the possible influence of soluble and insoluble fibres on the production of bile acids. These findings point to new directions for future research. In addition, the review reinforces that DCM associated with taurine deficiency appears to be a distinct form of the disease, with some breeds showing a greater genetic predisposition, the Golden Retriever being the most affected in recent years. This analysis emphasisesthat nutrition plays an essentialrole in canine cardiac health and thatmore studies are needed to clarify the exact mechanisms of nutritional DCM. Adopting careful, evidence-based dietary practices is crucial to preventing and treating the disease, ensuring the well-being of dogs.
Description
Keywords
Cão Cardiomiopatia dilatada Dieta sem cereais Fibra dietética Função cardíaca Leguminosas Microbiota intestinal Taurina Cardiac function Dietary fibre Grain-free diet Dilated cardiomyopathy Dog Gut microbiota Legumes Taurine