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Publication
Avaliação Do Bem Estar Físico E Comportamental Dos Lobos Em Cativeiro
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| 1.56 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
À medida que a opinião pública dá cada vez mais consideração ao bem-estar animal (BEA) e
que a questão da detenção de animais em cativeiro é debatida, os métodos de avaliação do BEA
desempenham um papel fundamental na melhoria das condições de detenção desses animais em
parques/zoos. É importante uma combinação de diferentes métodos de avaliação para se conseguir
uma avaliação multidimensional do BEA. Para isso, é importante conhecer os métodos existentes e
compreendê-los, a fim de otimizar sua utilização. Sendo o lobo (Canis lupus), uma espécie desafiante
tanto ao nível das relações sociais como em termos de necessidades cognitivas e territoriais, a sua
detenção em cativeiro torna-se complexa e requer uma abordagem minuciosa. Este trabalho de artigo
de revisão visa explicar as necessidades específicas deste animal em cativeiro e listar os diferentes
métodos de avaliação do BEA. Após uma revisão da literatura sobre o BEA, em geral, explicam-se as
principais abordagens dos métodos de avaliação do BEA. Em seguida, apresenta-se uma revisão da
literatura sobre os lobos em cativeiro para compreender melhor as suas necessidades específicas.
Posteriormente, utilizando como referência trabalho sobre o quadro universal de BEA em zoológicos,
analisam-se diversas práticas de gestão e tecnologias utilizadas para avaliar o bem-estar em lobos.
Abordam-se os métodos tradicionais (colheita de sangue, exames físicos; complementares e e
comportamental), métodos baseados em monitorização autónoma (Sistema de Georreferenciação,
Radiofrequências, Bioacústica) e métodos biomoleculares (Forma secretora da Imunoglobulina A,
Cortisol fecal).
Os resultados indicam que uma avaliação aprofundada do BEA, combinada com práticas de
gestão que incluem o enriquecimento ambiental, pode reduzir significativamente o stress e promover
comportamentos naturais nos lobos em cativeiro. No entanto, a gestão desta espécie permanece
complexa e controversa, exigindo uma adaptação contínua das estratégias de gestão para atender às
necessidades específicas de cada indivíduo e garantir padrões de bem-estar animal.
As public opinion increasingly considers animal welfare (AW) and the issue of keeping animals in captivity is debated, AW assessment methods play a crucial role in improving the conditions of these animals in parks and zoos. A combination of different assessment methods is essential to achieve a multidimensional evaluation of AW. To this end, it is important to know and understand the existing methods in order to optimize their use. The wolf (Canis lupus), being a challenging species both in terms of social relationships and cognitive and territorial needs, requires a meticulous approach when kept in captivity. This literature review aims to explain the specific needs of this species in captivity and to list the different AW assessment methods. After a review of the literature on AW in general, the main approaches to AW assessment methods are explained. Then, a review of the literature on captive wolves is presented to better understand their specific needs. Subsequently, using the work on the universal AW framework in zoos as a reference, various management practices and technologies used to assess welfare in wolves are analyzed. Traditional methods (blood sampling, physical examinations, complementary and behavioral examinations), autonomous monitoring methods (Georeferencing System, Radio Frequencies, Bioacoustics), and biomolecular methods (Secretory Form of Immunoglobulin A, Fecal Cortisol) are addressed. The results indicate that an in-depth assessment of AW, combined with management practices that include environmental enrichment, can significantly reduce stress and promote natural behaviours in captive wolves. However, the management of this species remains complex and controversial, requiring continuous adaptation of management strategies to meet the specific needs of each individual and ensure animal welfare standards.
As public opinion increasingly considers animal welfare (AW) and the issue of keeping animals in captivity is debated, AW assessment methods play a crucial role in improving the conditions of these animals in parks and zoos. A combination of different assessment methods is essential to achieve a multidimensional evaluation of AW. To this end, it is important to know and understand the existing methods in order to optimize their use. The wolf (Canis lupus), being a challenging species both in terms of social relationships and cognitive and territorial needs, requires a meticulous approach when kept in captivity. This literature review aims to explain the specific needs of this species in captivity and to list the different AW assessment methods. After a review of the literature on AW in general, the main approaches to AW assessment methods are explained. Then, a review of the literature on captive wolves is presented to better understand their specific needs. Subsequently, using the work on the universal AW framework in zoos as a reference, various management practices and technologies used to assess welfare in wolves are analyzed. Traditional methods (blood sampling, physical examinations, complementary and behavioral examinations), autonomous monitoring methods (Georeferencing System, Radio Frequencies, Bioacoustics), and biomolecular methods (Secretory Form of Immunoglobulin A, Fecal Cortisol) are addressed. The results indicate that an in-depth assessment of AW, combined with management practices that include environmental enrichment, can significantly reduce stress and promote natural behaviours in captive wolves. However, the management of this species remains complex and controversial, requiring continuous adaptation of management strategies to meet the specific needs of each individual and ensure animal welfare standards.
Description
Keywords
Bem-Estar Animal Cativeiro Comportamento Cortisol Enriquecimento Ambiental Ética Lobos Animal Welfare Behaviour Captivity Environmental Enrichment Ethics Wolves